Population decline of the Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis in continental Spain, a main western Palearctic stronghold

IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Bird Conservation International Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI:10.1017/s0959270924000066
François Mougeot, Mario Fernández-Tizón, Rocío Tarjuelo, Ana Benítez-López, José Jiménez
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Abstract

Summary Many European farmland bird populations are rapidly declining because of agricultural intensification and land-use changes. Robust estimates of population sizes and trends, habitat use, and protected area coverage within the distribution range are crucial to inform the conservation and management of threatened species. Here we report on the results of the 2019 Black-bellied Sandgrouse Pterocles orientalis (BBS) survey promoted and coordinated by SEO/BirdLife to update its breeding distribution, population size, and trends in continental Spain. A total of 660 grid cells, 10 × 10 km, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), were surveyed (81% of the distribution area), with 2,257 visits to 1,750 walked transects (7,001 km in total; 10.6 km per UTM). BBS was detected in 43% of sampled UTMs. At transect level, occupancy was 11% higher inside protected areas. At UTM level, occupancy was estimated at 0.58 (Bayesian credible interval [BCI] 95%: 0.55–0.61), revealing that BBS occupied about half of its previous breeding range (2003–2005). Using hierarchical distance sampling modelling, we estimated an average density of 1.33 individuals/km2 in occupied areas, and a population of 4,025 individuals (confidence interval: 1,840–7,609) within sampled areas, with an additional 697 individuals (confidence interval 461–1,075) in areas that were not surveyed. Further, the relative abundance of BBS (Kilometric Abundance Index) declined by 63% between 2005 and 2019 (annual decline rate of 4.5%). BBS used agricultural habitats (73%) and unprotected areas (54%) despite a higher occupancy within protected areas. Given the recent decline rate and persistent threats, the BBS conservation status should be upgraded to “Endangered” in peninsular Spain. Its future depends on land-use changes and agricultural practices, in particular the maintenance of fallows, semi-natural habitats, and pastures for extensive grazing. Better protection of important areas and targeted conservation initiatives should be promoted to halt and reverse the population decline in this key western Palearctic stronghold.
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西班牙大陆黑腹沙鸡(Pterocles orientalis)种群数量的下降,西班牙大陆是古北西部的一个主要据点
摘要 由于农业集约化和土地使用的变化,许多欧洲农田鸟类种群数量正在迅速减少。对分布范围内的种群数量和趋势、栖息地使用情况和保护区覆盖范围进行可靠的估计,对于保护和管理濒危物种至关重要。在此,我们报告了由 SEO/鸟类生命组织推动和协调的 2019 年黑腹沙鸡(BBS)调查结果,以更新其在西班牙大陆的繁殖分布、种群数量和趋势。共调查了 660 个网格单元(10 × 10 千米,世界横轴默卡托(UTM))(占分布区的 81%),2257 次访问了 1,750 个步行横断面(共 7,001 千米;每个 UTM 10.6 千米)。在 43% 的取样 UTM 中发现了 BBS。在横断面层面,保护区内的占用率高出 11%。在UTM水平上,占据率估计为0.58(贝叶斯可信区间[BCI] 95%:0.55-0.61),表明BBS占据了其先前繁殖范围(2003-2005年)的一半左右。利用分层距离采样模型,我们估计在已占据区域内的平均密度为1.33只/平方公里,采样区域内的种群数量为4,025只(置信区间:1,840-7,609),未调查区域内的种群数量为697只(置信区间:461-1,075)。此外,从 2005 年到 2019 年,BBS 的相对丰度(千米丰度指数)下降了 63%(年下降率为 4.5%)。尽管 BBS 在保护区内的占有率较高,但它们仍使用农业栖息地(73%)和非保护区(54%)。鉴于最近的下降率和持续存在的威胁,西班牙半岛的 BBS 保护地位应升级为 "濒危"。它的未来取决于土地使用的变化和农业实践,尤其是休耕、半自然栖息地和大面积放牧的牧场的维护。应促进对重要区域的更好保护,并采取有针对性的保护措施,以阻止和扭转这一重要的西巴尔北极据点的种群数量下降趋势。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
6.20%
发文量
50
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Bird Conservation International is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal that seeks to promote worldwide research and action for the conservation of birds and the habitats upon which they depend. The official journal of BirdLife International, it provides stimulating, international and up-to-date coverage of a broad range of conservation topics, using birds to illuminate wider issues of biodiversity, conservation and sustainable resource use. It publishes original papers and reviews, including targeted articles and recommendations by leading experts.
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