Decoding bioactive signals of the RNA secretome: the cell-free messenger RNA catalogue

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI:10.1017/erm.2024.12
Rhys E. De Sota, Stephen R. Quake, John J. Sninsky, Shusuke Toden
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Abstract

Despite gene-expression profiling being one of the most common methods to evaluate molecular dysregulation in tissues, the utilization of cell-free messenger RNA (cf-mRNA) as a blood-based non-invasive biomarker analyte has been limited compared to other RNA classes. Recent advancements in low-input RNA-sequencing and normalization techniques, however, have enabled characterization as well as accurate quantification of cf-mRNAs allowing direct pathological insights. The molecular profile of the cell-free transcriptome in multiple diseases has subsequently been characterized including, prenatal diseases, neurological disorders, liver diseases and cancers suggesting this biological compartment may serve as a disease agnostic platform. With mRNAs packaged in a myriad of extracellular vesicles and particles, these signals may be used to develop clinically actionable, non-invasive disease biomarkers. Here, we summarize the recent scientific developments of extracellular mRNA, biology of extracellular mRNA carriers, clinical utility of cf-mRNA as disease biomarkers, as well as proposed functions in cell and tissue pathophysiology.

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解码 RNA 分泌组的生物活性信号:无细胞信使 RNA 目录
尽管基因表达谱分析是评估组织中分子失调的最常用方法之一,但与其他 RNA 类别相比,利用无细胞信使 RNA(cf-mRNA)作为基于血液的非侵入性生物标记分析物一直受到限制。然而,最近在低输入 RNA 测序和归一化技术方面取得的进展,使 cf-mRNA 的特征描述和精确定量成为可能,从而能直接揭示病理。无细胞转录组在多种疾病中的分子特征随后得到了表征,包括产前疾病、神经系统疾病、肝脏疾病和癌症,这表明这一生物区划可作为一个与疾病无关的平台。由于 mRNA 包装在无数细胞外囊泡和颗粒中,这些信号可用于开发临床可操作的非侵入性疾病生物标记物。在此,我们总结了细胞外 mRNA 的最新科学发展、细胞外 mRNA 载体的生物学特性、cf-mRNA 作为疾病生物标记物的临床用途,以及在细胞和组织病理生理学中的拟议功能。
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来源期刊
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine
Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
1.60%
发文量
45
期刊介绍: Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine is an innovative online journal featuring authoritative and timely Reviews covering gene therapy, immunotherapeutics, drug design, vaccines, genetic testing, pathogenesis, microbiology, genomics, molecular epidemiology and diagnostic techniques. We especially welcome reviews on translational aspects of molecular medicine, particularly those related to the application of new understanding of the molecular basis of disease to experimental medicine and clinical practice.
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