Qualitative transformations of street-seized ecstasy over a decade: A case study in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q2 MEDICINE, LEGAL Journal of forensic sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI:10.1111/1556-4029.15536
Ananda da Silva Antonio PhD, Gleicielle Tozzi Wurzler PhD, Cecília de Andrade Bhering PhD, Adriana Sousa de Oliveira MSc, Luciana Silva do Amaral Cohen PhD, Marco Antônio Martins de Oliveira PhD, Francisco Radler de Aquino Neto PhD, Gabriela Vanini PhD
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Abstract

The illegal drug market is constantly evolving, with new drugs being created and existing ones being modified. Adulterants are often added to the mix, and the primary substance may be secretly replaced by a new one. Once-known tablets can now be vastly different from what they are sold as, all due to the pursuit of profit and evasion of current drug regulations. These alterations in drug composition pose a threat to society, as their effects are still not well understood. Therefore, it is crucial for police intelligence and public health development to obtain the chemical profiles of illicit drugs. This study presents the chemical fingerprinting of ecstasy tablets seized in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) between 2012 and 2021. The tablet samples were weighed, extracted, diluted with methanol, and acidified before analysis using gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The major constituents found were MDMA and clobenzorex, with fewer occurrences of MDA, MDEA, and 2C-B. The results also indicate that the occurrence of mega-events in the study location impacted the chemical fingerprints of ecstasy. A total of 27 combinations of cutting agents, including caffeine, ephedrine, and anesthetics, were identified. Samples composed of clobenzorex were observed throughout the evaluated period in areas near highways, suggesting that this product is mainly used by truck drivers. These findings can help police intelligence units anticipate the behavior of the illicit market during major events, identify traffic routes, and support public health initiatives.

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十年来街头迷幻药的质变:里约热内卢(巴西)案例研究
非法毒品市场在不断演变,新毒品不断出现,现有毒品也在不断改良。掺杂物经常被添加到混合物中,主要物质可能被一种新物质秘密取代。曾经广为人知的药片现在可能与销售时的样子大相径庭,这都是为了追求利润和规避现行药品法规。这些药物成分的改变对社会构成了威胁,因为人们对其影响还不甚了解。因此,获取非法药物的化学特征对警方情报和公共卫生发展至关重要。本研究介绍了 2012 年至 2021 年期间在里约热内卢州(巴西)缉获的摇头丸片剂的化学指纹图谱。药片样品经称重、提取、甲醇稀释和酸化后,使用气相色谱高分辨质谱法和衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱法进行分析。发现的主要成分是亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA)和氯苯甲醚(clobenzorex),MDA、MDEA 和 2C-B 的含量较少。研究结果还表明,研究地点发生的特大活动影响了摇头丸的化学指纹。共鉴定出 27 种切割剂组合,包括咖啡因、麻黄碱和麻醉剂。在整个评估期间,在高速公路附近地区都发现了由氯苯唑啉组成的样本,这表明这种产品主要由卡车司机使用。这些发现可以帮助警方情报部门预测重大活动期间非法市场的行为,确定交通路线,并支持公共卫生行动。
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来源期刊
Journal of forensic sciences
Journal of forensic sciences 医学-医学:法
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
215
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Forensic Sciences (JFS) is the official publication of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS). It is devoted to the publication of original investigations, observations, scholarly inquiries and reviews in various branches of the forensic sciences. These include anthropology, criminalistics, digital and multimedia sciences, engineering and applied sciences, pathology/biology, psychiatry and behavioral science, jurisprudence, odontology, questioned documents, and toxicology. Similar submissions dealing with forensic aspects of other sciences and the social sciences are also accepted, as are submissions dealing with scientifically sound emerging science disciplines. The content and/or views expressed in the JFS are not necessarily those of the AAFS, the JFS Editorial Board, the organizations with which authors are affiliated, or the publisher of JFS. All manuscript submissions are double-blind peer-reviewed.
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