Impact of non-thermal processing on the nutritional quality and bioactive properties of industrial hempseed flours and protein isolate

IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI:10.1002/aocs.12840
Anh T. L. Nguyen, Alberta N. A. Aryee
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Abstract

There is an unmet demand for plant-based ingredients with desirable nutritional, techno-functional properties, and health benefits. In this study, the composition, nutritional quality, and bioactives in industrial hempseed flours and protein isolate generated by milling, germination, isoelectric precipitation (IEP), and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) were evaluated. Moisture, ash, fat, protein, phytic acid, tannin, and trypsin inhibitor content of the hempseed flours and protein isolate were 2.80%–6.46%, 5.07%–28.89%, 0.00%–31.44%, 22.71%–89.94%, 0.55%–1.05%, 274.24–1300.76 μg/g, and 0.00–42.66 U/g, respectively. IEP resulted in the highest protein content (89.94%), indicative of its effective to isolate hempseed protein. Germination and IEP significantly reduced phytic acid and tannin contents by 1.53- and 3.63-fold, respectively. All processing methods improved in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD). SDS-PAGE analysis revealed comparable band patterns in milled and protein isolate, with a strong 50 kDa band attributed as edestin. Amino acid analysis showed that EAE augmented total essential amino acids, particularly protease. Milling and pronase treatment yielded the highest and lowest IVPD-corrected amino acid score (IVPDCAAS) of 76% and 47%, respectively. Milled and germinated flours contained varying amounts of γ-tocopherol, lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene. Germinated flour exhibited elevated levels of total phenolic (14.36 mg/g), and flavonoid (1.76 mg/g) contents, FRAP, TEAC, and DPPH compared to the other flours suggesting superior antioxidant capacity. Strong positive correlations (r >0.70) were found between IVPD and phytic acid for the protein isolate, total phenolic content, and FRAP for IEP and germinated flours. Overall, hempseed flours with diverse properties could be produced using non-thermal processing.

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非热加工对工业大麻籽粉和分离蛋白的营养质量和生物活性特性的影响
人们对具有理想营养、技术功能特性和健康益处的植物配料的需求尚未得到满足。本研究评估了通过研磨、发芽、等电沉淀(IEP)和酶辅助提取(EAE)产生的工业大麻籽粉和蛋白质分离物中的成分、营养质量和生物活性物质。麻籽粉和蛋白质分离物的水分、灰分、脂肪、蛋白质、植酸、单宁和胰蛋白酶抑制剂含量分别为 2.80%-6.46%、5.07%-28.89%、0.00%-31.44%、22.71%-89.94%、0.55%-1.05%、274.24-1300.76 μg/g、0.00-42.66 U/g。IEP 的蛋白质含量最高(89.94%),表明其能有效分离大麻籽蛋白质。发芽和 IEP 能明显降低植酸和单宁含量,降幅分别为 1.53 倍和 3.63 倍。所有加工方法都提高了体外蛋白质消化率(IVPD)。SDS-PAGE 分析表明,磨碎的蛋白质和分离的蛋白质具有相似的条带模式,其中一个 50 kDa 的强条带被认为是edestin。氨基酸分析表明,EAE 增加了必需氨基酸总量,尤其是蛋白酶。研磨和蛋白酶处理产生的 IVPD 校正氨基酸得分(IVPDCAAS)最高和最低,分别为 76% 和 47%。研磨和发芽的面粉含有不同数量的γ-生育酚、叶黄素、玉米黄质、α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素。与其他面粉相比,发芽面粉的总酚(14.36 毫克/克)和类黄酮(1.76 毫克/克)含量、FRAP、TEAC 和 DPPH 含量都较高,表明其抗氧化能力更强。在IVPD和植酸之间发现了很强的正相关性(r >0.70),IEP和发芽面粉的蛋白质分离物、总酚含量和FRAP都是如此。总之,使用非热加工工艺可以生产出具有多种特性的大麻籽面粉。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
2.4 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (JAOCS) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes significant original scientific research and technological advances on fats, oils, oilseed proteins, and related materials through original research articles, invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the editor. We seek to publish reports that will significantly advance scientific understanding through hypothesis driven research, innovations, and important new information pertaining to analysis, properties, processing, products, and applications of these food and industrial resources. Breakthroughs in food science and technology, biotechnology (including genomics, biomechanisms, biocatalysis and bioprocessing), and industrial products and applications are particularly appropriate. JAOCS also considers reports on the lipid composition of new, unique, and traditional sources of lipids that definitively address a research hypothesis and advances scientific understanding. However, the genus and species of the source must be verified by appropriate means of classification. In addition, the GPS location of the harvested materials and seed or vegetative samples should be deposited in an accredited germplasm repository. Compositional data suitable for Original Research Articles must embody replicated estimate of tissue constituents, such as oil, protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, phospholipid, tocopherol, sterol, and carotenoid compositions. Other components unique to the specific plant or animal source may be reported. Furthermore, lipid composition papers should incorporate elements of year­to­year, environmental, and/ or cultivar variations through use of appropriate statistical analyses.
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Issue Information Issue Information Microfluidization outperforms homogenization: Optimizing stability and bioaccessibility in krill oil emulsions Issue Information JAOCS special issue on advancement in plant protein-based emulsions
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