Sociocultural determinants of children's oral health among immigrants in Canada

IF 1.8 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Community dentistry and oral epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI:10.1111/cdoe.12972

Rana Dahlan, Babak Bohlouli, Humam Saltaji, Bukola Salami, Maryam Amin

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Abstract

Objective

A conceptual model was designed and tested to predict immigrant children's oral health in Canada by examining parental acculturation and perceived social support (PSS) using structural equation modelling.

Methods

A convenience sample of first-generation immigrant parents and their children aged 2–12 years were recruited by multilingual community workers in Edmonton, Canada. Parents completed a validated questionnaire on demographics, child's oral health (OH) behaviours, parental acculturation and PSS. Dental examinations determined children's dental caries rate using DMFT/dmft index. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to analyse the data.

Results

A total of 336 families participated in this study. The average parental acculturation level was 10.46 with a maximum of 15, and the average PSS was 63.27 with a maximum of 75. SEM showed that 77% of the variance of DMFT/dmft scores in children was explained by parental PSS, acculturation level, immigration-related variables, socioeconomic variables and children's OH behaviours. The direct effect of parental PSS was associated with a significantly reduced rate of dental caries (β = −.076, p-value = .008) and lower sugar consumption (β = −.17, p-value = .04). While the mediation effect of parental acculturation on PSS was associated with positive OH behaviours of children (e.g., toothbrushing frequency and dental care utilization), the indirect effect was negatively associated with caries rate (β = .77, p-value = .00).

Conclusions

The direct effect of Parental Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was associated with more favourable oral health behaviours and a lower prevalence of dental caries, while the mediation effect of acculturation was linked to a higher prevalence of dental caries.

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加拿大移民中儿童口腔健康的社会文化决定因素

目的通过使用结构方程模型研究父母的文化适应性和感知的社会支持（PSS），设计并测试了一个概念模型，以预测加拿大移民儿童的口腔健康状况。方法在加拿大埃德蒙顿，多语言社区工作者招募了第一代移民父母及其 2-12 岁的子女作为方便样本。家长们填写了一份经过验证的调查问卷，内容包括人口统计学、儿童口腔健康（OH）行为、家长的文化适应性和PSS。牙科检查采用 DMFT/dmft 指数确定儿童的龋齿率。研究采用结构方程模型（SEM）对数据进行分析。父母的文化适应程度平均为 10.46，最高为 15，PSS 平均为 63.27，最高为 75。SEM 显示，父母 PSS、文化适应水平、移民相关变量、社会经济变量和儿童 OH 行为解释了儿童 DMFT/dmft 分数变异的 77%。父母 PSS 的直接效应与龋齿率显著降低（β = -.076，p 值 = .008）和糖消耗量降低（β = -.17，p 值 = .04）相关。结论家长感知压力量表（PSS）的直接效应与更有利的口腔健康行为和更低的龋齿患病率相关，而文化程度的中介效应与更高的龋齿患病率相关。

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来源期刊

Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

8.70%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The aim of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology is to serve as a forum for scientifically based information in community dentistry, with the intention of continually expanding the knowledge base in the field. The scope is therefore broad, ranging from original studies in epidemiology, behavioral sciences related to dentistry, and health services research through to methodological reports in program planning, implementation and evaluation. Reports dealing with people of all age groups are welcome. The journal encourages manuscripts which present methodologically detailed scientific research findings from original data collection or analysis of existing databases. Preference is given to new findings. Confirmations of previous findings can be of value, but the journal seeks to avoid needless repetition. It also encourages thoughtful, provocative commentaries on subjects ranging from research methods to public policies. Purely descriptive reports are not encouraged, nor are behavioral science reports with only marginal application to dentistry. The journal is published bimonthly.