Diet to Stop Hypertension: Should Fats be Included?

IF 3.9 2区 医学 Q1 PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE Current Hypertension Reports Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI:10.1007/s11906-024-01310-7
Paul J Nestel, Trevor A Mori
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Abstract

Purpose of review: International guidelines emphasize advice to incorporate dietary measures for the prevention and in the management of hypertension. Current data show that modest reductions in weight can have an impact on blood pressure. Reducing salt and marine oils have also shown consistent benefit in reducing blood pressure. Whether other dietary constituents, in particular the amount and type of fat that play important roles in cardiovascular prevention, influence blood pressure sufficiently to be included in the management of hypertension is less certain. In this review, we provide a summary of the most recent findings, with a focus on dietary patterns, fats and other nutrients and their impact on blood pressure and hypertension.

Recent findings: Since reducing salt consumption is an established recommendation only corollary dietary advice is subject to the current review. Population studies that have included reliable evaluation of fat intake have indicated almost consistently blood pressure lowering with consumption of marine oils and fats. Results with vegetable oils are inconclusive. However dietary patterns that included total fat reduction and changes in the nature of vegetable fats/oils have suggested beneficial effects on blood pressure. Plant-based foods, dairy foods and yoghurt particularly, may also lower blood pressure irrespective of fat content. Total fat consumption is not directly associated with blood pressure except when it is part of a weight loss diet. Consumption of marine oils has mostly shown moderate blood pressure lowering and possibly greatest effect with docosahexaenoic acid-rich oil.

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预防高血压的饮食:脂肪是否应包括在内?
审查目的:国际指南强调,建议在预防和控制高血压时纳入饮食措施。目前的数据显示,适度减轻体重可对血压产生影响。减少食盐和海产品也显示出对降低血压的持续益处。至于其他膳食成分,特别是在心血管预防中发挥重要作用的脂肪的数量和类型,是否会对血压产生足够的影响,从而被纳入高血压的管理中,目前还不太确定。在这篇综述中,我们总结了最新的研究结果,重点关注膳食模式、脂肪和其他营养素及其对血压和高血压的影响:由于减少食盐摄入量是一项既定的建议,因此本综述只涉及相应的饮食建议。对脂肪摄入量进行可靠评估的人群研究表明,食用海洋油脂几乎都能降低血压。植物油的研究结果尚无定论。不过,包括减少脂肪总量和改变植物脂肪/油性质在内的膳食模式对血压产生了有益的影响。植物性食品、乳制品食品,尤其是酸奶,无论脂肪含量多少,也可能降低血压。脂肪总摄入量与血压没有直接关系,除非脂肪是减肥饮食的一部分。食用海产油大多有适度的降压作用,富含二十二碳六烯酸的海产油可能降压效果最好。
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来源期刊
Current Hypertension Reports
Current Hypertension Reports 医学-外周血管病
CiteScore
10.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
65
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: This journal intends to provide clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts that review the most important, recently published clinical findings related to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of hypertension. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as antihypertensive therapies, associated metabolic disorders, and therapeutic trials. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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