Chlamydiae in corals: shared functional potential despite broad taxonomic diversity.

IF 5.1 Q1 ECOLOGY ISME communications Pub Date : 2024-04-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/ismeco/ycae054
Justin Maire, Astrid Collingro, Matthias Horn, Madeleine J H van Oppen
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Abstract

Cnidarians, such as corals and sea anemones, associate with a wide range of bacteria that have essential functions, including nutrient cycling and the production of antimicrobial compounds. Within cnidarians, bacteria can colonize all microhabitats including the tissues. Among them are obligate intracellular bacteria of the phylum Chlamydiota (chlamydiae) whose impact on cnidarian hosts and holobionts, especially corals, remain unknown. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of previously published 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding data from cnidarians (e.g. coral, jellyfish, and anemones), eight metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of coral-associated chlamydiae, and one MAG of jellyfish-associated chlamydiae to decipher their diversity and functional potential. While the metabarcoding dataset showed an enormous diversity of cnidarian-associated chlamydiae, six out of nine MAGs were affiliated with the Simkaniaceae family. The other three MAGs were assigned to the Parasimkaniaceae, Rhabdochlamydiaceae, and Anoxychlamydiaceae, respectively. All MAGs lacked the genes necessary for an independent existence, lacking any nucleotide or vitamin and most amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Hallmark chlamydial genes, such as a type III secretion system, nucleotide transporters, and genes for host interaction, were encoded in all MAGs. Together these observations suggest an obligate intracellular lifestyle of coral-associated chlamydiae. No unique genes were found in coral-associated chlamydiae, suggesting a lack of host specificity. Additional studies are needed to understand how chlamydiae interact with their coral host, and other microbes in coral holobionts. This first study of the diversity and functional potential of coral-associated chlamydiae improves our understanding of both the coral microbiome and the chlamydial lifestyle and host range.

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珊瑚中的衣原体:尽管分类广泛多样,但仍具有共同的功能潜力。
珊瑚和海葵等刺胞动物与多种细菌有联系,这些细菌具有重要功能,包括营养循环和产生抗菌化合物。在刺胞动物体内,细菌可在包括组织在内的所有微生境中定植。其中包括衣原体门(chlamydiota)的强制性细胞内细菌,它们对刺胞动物宿主和全生物(尤其是珊瑚)的影响尚不清楚。在这里,我们对以前发表的来自刺胞动物(如珊瑚、水母和海葵)的 16S rRNA 基因代谢编码数据、8 个珊瑚相关衣原体的元基因组组装基因组(MAGs)以及 1 个水母相关衣原体的元基因组组装基因组进行了元分析,以解读它们的多样性和功能潜力。虽然代谢编码数据集显示了与刺胞动物相关的衣原体的巨大多样性,但 9 个 MAGs 中有 6 个隶属于 Simkaniaceae 科。另外 3 个 MAGs 分别归属于 Parasimkaniaceae、Rhabdochlamydiaceae 和 Anoxychlamydiaceae。所有 MAGs 都缺乏独立存在所需的基因,缺乏任何核苷酸或维生素以及大多数氨基酸的生物合成途径。所有 MAGs 都编码了衣原体的标志性基因,如 III 型分泌系统、核苷酸转运体和宿主相互作用基因。这些观察结果表明,珊瑚相关衣原体只能在细胞内生活。在珊瑚相关衣原体中没有发现独特的基因,这表明它们缺乏宿主特异性。要了解衣原体如何与其珊瑚宿主以及珊瑚全生物体中的其他微生物相互作用,还需要进行更多的研究。这项对珊瑚相关衣原体的多样性和功能潜力的首次研究增进了我们对珊瑚微生物组以及衣原体生活方式和宿主范围的了解。
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