A hypothesis-based hop microbiology laboratory module testing the plausibility of the mythical origin of the India Pale Ale.

IF 1.6 Q2 EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Epub Date: 2024-04-09 DOI:10.1128/jmbe.00020-24
Julio Molina Pineda, Amanda N Scholes, Jeffrey A Lewis
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Abstract

As one of the most famous fermented drinks in the world, beer is an especially relatable topic for microbiology courses. Here, we describe a short and easily adaptable module based on the antibacterial properties of hops used in brewing. By the 15th century, beer recipes included hops (the flower of the Humulus lupulus plant) as a bittering agent and antimicrobial. By the 19th century, the highly hopped Indian Pale Ale (IPA) became popular, and a modern myth has emerged that IPAs were invented to survive long ocean voyages such as from Britain to India. With that myth in mind, we designed a hypothesis-driven microbiology lab module that tests the plausibility of this brewing myth-namely that highly hopped beers possess enough antibacterial activity to prevent spoilage, while lowly hopped beers do not. The overall design of the module is to test the antimicrobial properties of hops using petri plates containing varying concentrations of hop extract. The module includes hypothesis generation and testing related to bacterial physiology and cell envelope morphology (hops are not equally effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria) and to mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance (as beer spoilage bacteria have repeatedly evolved hop resistance). Pre- and post-assessment showed that students made significant gains in the learning objectives for the module, which encourages critical thinking and hypothesis testing by linking microbial physiology and antimicrobial resistance to an important and topical real-world application.

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基于假说的酒花微生物学实验模块,测试印度淡色啤酒神话起源的合理性。
作为世界上最有名的发酵饮料之一,啤酒是微生物学课程中一个特别贴近生活的话题。在此,我们将介绍一个简短且易于调整的模块,该模块基于啤酒酿造中使用的啤酒花的抗菌特性。到了 15 世纪,啤酒配方中就加入了啤酒花(胡麻属植物的花)作为苦味剂和抗菌剂。到了 19 世纪,酒花含量很高的印度淡色艾尔啤酒(IPA)开始流行起来,并出现了一个现代神话,说发明 IPA 是为了在从英国到印度的漫长远洋航行中生存下来。考虑到这一神话,我们设计了一个假设驱动的微生物学实验模块,以测试这一酿造神话的合理性--即高酒花啤酒具有足够的抗菌活性以防止变质,而低酒花啤酒则没有。该模块的总体设计是使用含有不同浓度啤酒花提取物的培养皿来测试啤酒花的抗菌特性。该模块包括与细菌生理学和细胞包膜形态(啤酒花对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的作用不尽相同)以及抗菌剂耐药性机制(啤酒腐败菌已多次进化出啤酒花耐药性)有关的假设生成和测试。课前和课后评估显示,学生在该模块的学习目标方面取得了显著进步。该模块通过将微生物生理学和抗菌药耐药性与重要的现实应用联系起来,鼓励批判性思维和假设检验。
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来源期刊
Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES-
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
26.30%
发文量
95
审稿时长
22 weeks
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