A Robust Strategy Against Multi-Resistant Pathogens in Oral Health: Harnessing the Potency of Antimicrobial Peptides in Nanofiber-Mediated Therapies

Abstract

A robust strategy is imperative to counteract multi-resistant pathogens within the oral cavity and mitigate the occurrence of dental-related diseases. According to the recent Global Oral Health Status Report (2022), over 3.5 billion individuals worldwide have been affected, with more than 2 billion experiencing permanent tooth caries. Despite employing various techniques to combat oral pathogens, these microbes persistently proliferate, culminating in biofilm formation that exhibits resistance to conventional antibiotics. Moreover, there is a notable surge in the rate of implant failure attributable to peri-implantitis. Peptide therapy emerges as a promising and enduring solution, demonstrating adaptability to diverse techniques. The pivotal technique involving Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) orchestrates damage to the extracellular matrix, encompassing the glucan matrix, disrupting microbial content, and inducing pathogen demise. Notably, AMPs actively participate in the intricate process of oral tissue healing. Nanofibers, characterized by their multifaceted properties and robust mechanical capacity, facilitate protracted drug delivery and manifest optimal biocompatibility. This inherent attribute stimulates the application of AMPs, thereby augmenting healing durations and ensuring sustained therapeutic efficacy against oral diseases. The primary focus of this review centers on Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) integrated into Nanofibers, offering a comprehensive clinical solution to diverse dental-mediated diseases. The exploration of various AMPs and their modes of action, coupled with the efficacy of peptide durability, sets the stage for futuristic enhancements in oral health therapeutics.