Recent development of poly (lactic acid) blends with a thermoplastic elastomer compatibilised for fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing

IF 1.2 4区化学 Q4 POLYMER SCIENCE Journal of Rubber Research Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI:10.1007/s42464-024-00252-8

Nik Intan Nik Ismail, Dayang Habibah Abang Ismawi Hashim, Siti Salina Sarkawi, Yen Wan Ngeow, Suhawati Ibrahim, Kok Chong Yong

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Abstract

The present study involves the fabrication of Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blends with natural rubber (NR) or epoxidised natural rubber with 25% and 50% epoxidation levels (ENR 25 and ENR 50) respectively to produce flexible PLA filaments for fumed deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene-grafted maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) as a compatibiliser was used in the PLA/NR, PLA/ENR 25, and PLA/ENR 50 blends with a fixed blend ratio of 80/20. The effects of SEBS-g-MA content ranging from 5 to 15 parts per hundred polymer (php) in the PLA/NR, PLA/ENR 25 and PLA/ENR 50 blends on the thermal properties, tensile strength, elongation at break, melt flow index (MFI) and morphological analysis were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that the glass transition temperature (T_g) and melting point temperature (T_m) of PLA shifted to a higher temperature as the SEBS-g-MA content increased in the PLA blends. Furthermore, a change in the degree of crystallinity was noted as the SEBS-g-MA content increased from 5 to 15 php, directly affecting the elongation at break of the compatibilised PLA blends. Relatively, the PLA/ENR 25/SEBS-g-MA blends have a much lower T_m, enthalpy, and crystallisation degree, indicating higher compatibility than the other compatibilised PLA blends. The results are consistent with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, which revealed a possible interaction between the MA moiety, SEBS and rubber component functional groups. The MFI is gradually reduced with the addition of SEBS-g-MA up to 15 php; however, the value is comparable to the commercial PLA filament, which is sufficient for printability study. Overall, the PLA/ENR 25 containing 15 php SEBS-g-MA achieved optimal printability as a flexible PLA filament for 3D printing, as evidenced by a tenfold increase in elongation at break of the 3D-printed parts compared to the commercial filament.

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用于熔融沉积建模（FDM）3D 打印的聚乳酸与热塑性弹性体混合物的最新开发成果

本研究涉及聚乳酸（PLA）与天然橡胶（NR）或环氧化程度分别为 25% 和 50% 的环氧化天然橡胶（ENR 25 和 ENR 50）的混合物的制造，以生产用于气相沉积成型（FDM）3D 打印的柔性聚乳酸长丝。苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯接枝马来酸酐（SEBS-g-MA）作为相容剂被用于聚乳酸/NR、聚乳酸/ENR 25 和聚乳酸/ENR 50 混合物中，混合比例固定为 80/20。研究了聚乳酸/NR、聚乳酸/ENR 25 和聚乳酸/ENR 50 混合物中 SEBS-g-MA 的含量（百分之 5 至 15）对热性能、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、熔体流动指数（MFI）和形态分析的影响。差示扫描量热法（DSC）表明，随着聚乳酸共混物中 SEBS-g-MA 含量的增加，聚乳酸的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）和熔点温度（Tm）也随之升高。此外，随着 SEBS-g-MA 含量从 5php 增加到 15php，结晶度也发生了变化，这直接影响了相容聚乳酸混合物的断裂伸长率。相对而言，聚乳酸/ENR 25/SEBS-g-MA 混合物的热姆、焓和结晶度更低，表明其相容性高于其他相容聚乳酸混合物。结果与扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析一致，扫描电子显微镜分析表明 MA 分子、SEBS 和橡胶组分官能团之间可能存在相互作用。随着 SEBS-g-MA 添加量的增加，MFI 逐渐降低，最高可达 15ppm；不过，该值与商用聚乳酸长丝相当，足以满足印刷适性研究的需要。总体而言，含有 15 php SEBS-g-MA 的 PLA/ENR 25 作为用于 3D 打印的柔性聚乳酸长丝达到了最佳的打印性能，与商用长丝相比，3D 打印部件的断裂伸长率提高了 10 倍。

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来源期刊

Journal of Rubber Research 化学-高分子科学

自引率

15.40%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Rubber Research is devoted to both natural and synthetic rubbers, as well as to related disciplines. The scope of the journal encompasses all aspects of rubber from the core disciplines of biology, physics and chemistry, as well as economics. As a specialised field, rubber science includes within its niche a vast potential of innovative and value-added research areas yet to be explored. This peer reviewed publication focuses on the results of active experimental research and authoritative reviews on all aspects of rubber science. The Journal of Rubber Research welcomes research on: the upstream, including crop management, crop improvement and protection, and biotechnology; the midstream, including processing and effluent management; the downstream, including rubber engineering and product design, advanced rubber technology, latex science and technology, and chemistry and materials exploratory; economics, including the economics of rubber production, consumption, and market analysis. The Journal of Rubber Research serves to build a collective knowledge base while communicating information and validating the quality of research within the discipline, and bringing together work from experts in rubber science and related disciplines. Scientists in both academia and industry involved in researching and working with all aspects of rubber will find this journal to be both source of information and a gateway for their own publications.