A New Perspective on the Effectiveness of FDG PET/CT in Predicting KRAS Mutation in Colon Cancer Cases.

Abstract

Aim: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸FDG) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PET/CT) parameters in predicting the Kristen rat sarcoma viral oncogene(KRAS) mutation status of patients with colon cancer. Materials and Methods: Between April 2013 and December 2020, 79 patients who were diagnosed with colon cancer by colonoscopy underwent staging ¹⁸FDG PET/CT with this diagnosis and met all the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Clinical and prognostic features and also imaging (¹⁸FDG PET/CT and magnetic resonance imaging) reports of the patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results: KRAS mutation was seen in 32 of patients (40.5%). No significant difference was observed between KRAS mutant and wild-type patients in terms of clinical features (tumor location, findings regarding metastasis, T stage, and tumor differentiation grade in patients who underwent surgery) and overall survival. Progression-free survival was significantly shorter in KRAS mutant patients (p = 0.018). Primary tumor standardized uptake value (SUV_mean) was significantly higher in KRAS mutant cases in the whole group (p = 0.024) and in patients in whom KRAS analysis was performed only in the primary lesion (p = 0.036). The cutoff value for predicting KRAS mutation status was 7.01 g/mL (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.650, confidence interval [CI] 95%, 0.56-0.74). Conclusions: When colon and rectal cancer cases were evaluated separately, the primary tumor SUV_mean value was significantly higher in KRAS mutant colon cancer cases. However, its effectiveness in predicting KRAS mutation status was low, similar to other parameters in the literature.