THE NECESSITY OF 24-HOUR DELAYED IMAGING IN PATIENTS WITH PYELOCALICEAL DILATION FOR RELATIVE RENAL FUNCTION CALCULATION: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Abstract

Introduction/Justification

Static renal scintigraphy using 99mTc-DMSA is an accurate method for diagnosing and monitoring renal scars and allows for semi-quantification of relative tubular function (RTF). However, in cases of hydronephrosis, radiopharmaceutical accumulation in the pyelocaliceal system may interfere with RTF quantification. Although 24-hour images are typically requested to address this issue, they can inconvenience patients and disrupt the nuclear medicine service routine.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the impact of additional 24-hour imaging on RTF quantification in patients with hydronephrosis compared to standard 3-hour images.

Materials and Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-DMSA, focusing on those who received additional 24-hour imaging. Patients were divided into two groups: those aged up to 12 years (Group 1) and those over 12 years old (Group 2). Planar images were acquired 3 hours post-injection of 175 mBq of 99mTc-DMSA for adults and 1.5 MBq/kg for patients weighing up to 40 kg. Additional delayed images were obtained after 24 hours if pyelocaliceal dilation was present. RTF was calculated using both 3-hour and 24-hour images, preferably using semi-automatic regions of interest. The T-Student test was utilized for statistical analysis, considering a difference of ≤ 3% between the two values as not significantly justifying the additional 24-hour image.

Results

A total of 1,205 consecutive 99mTc-DMSA scans from February 2019 to December 2023 were evaluated. Group 1 comprised 662 patients, with 62 undergoing additional 24-hour imaging, while Group 2 consisted of 543 patients, with 43 undergoing 24-hour imaging. The mean value of the difference between the 3h and 24h images is 1.95% ± 1.83% and median 2 (0 - 6) for Group 1, and 2.40% ± 2.08% and median 2 (0 - 8) for Group 2. Statistical analysis demonstrated equivalence between RTF quantifications obtained at 3-hour and 24-hour imaging for Group 1 p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (1.45 - 2.42). However, for Group 2, quantifications at 3-hour and 24-hour imaging were not necessarily equivalent p = 0.0714, 95% confidence interval (1.76 - 3.05).

Conclusion

Additional 24-hour imaging with 99mTc-DMSA in patients under 12 years of age with pyelocaliceal dilation does not appear to impact RTF compared to 3-hour images. However, for older patients, 24-hour imaging is necessary for greater accuracy in RTF determination. Further investigations are warranted to better understand factors influencing RTF calculation, guiding the indication for additional 24-hour imaging.