{"title":"The effect of aromatherapy during urodynamic testing on patients anxiety and cortisol levels: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Elife Kettas Dolek, Gülay Altun Ugras","doi":"10.1002/nau.25491","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During urodynamic testing (UT), patients may experience emotions such as embarrassment, discomfort, irritability, and tension, which can cause anxiety. Aromatherapy is a complementary and alternative treatment that may be employed in clinical settings to alleviate patients' anxiety before invasive procedures.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aromatherapy on patients' anxiety and cortisol levels during UT.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The sample of this single-center, prospective, two-armed, randomized controlled clinical study consisted of 98 patients undergoing UT. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 49) and the control group (n = 49). The anxiety level was assessed using the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), and measured with physiological responses to anxiety, such as changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<sub>2</sub>), and cortisol levels, pre and post-UT. Aromatherapy was applied to the intervention group starting 5 min before UT and continuing throughout the testing. The control group received routine treatment and care. Data were analyzed using Pearson's χ<sup>2</sup>, dependent samples t-tests, and independent samples t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study, post-UT anxiety in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.001), while SpO<sub>2</sub> was higher (p = 0.021). In the study group, post-UT anxiety (p < 0.001), HR (p = 0.000), and cortisol levels (p = 0.005) decreased compared to pre-UT, whereas in the control group, anxiety (p < 0.001) and HR (p = 0.000) decreased, and SBP (p = 0.010) and RR (p = 0.004) increased.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Aromatherapy during UT positively influenced both the psychological and physiological responses to anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":19200,"journal":{"name":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Neurourology and Urodynamics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.25491","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/5/15 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: During urodynamic testing (UT), patients may experience emotions such as embarrassment, discomfort, irritability, and tension, which can cause anxiety. Aromatherapy is a complementary and alternative treatment that may be employed in clinical settings to alleviate patients' anxiety before invasive procedures.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aromatherapy on patients' anxiety and cortisol levels during UT.
Materials and methods: The sample of this single-center, prospective, two-armed, randomized controlled clinical study consisted of 98 patients undergoing UT. Patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 49) and the control group (n = 49). The anxiety level was assessed using the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), and measured with physiological responses to anxiety, such as changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and cortisol levels, pre and post-UT. Aromatherapy was applied to the intervention group starting 5 min before UT and continuing throughout the testing. The control group received routine treatment and care. Data were analyzed using Pearson's χ2, dependent samples t-tests, and independent samples t-tests.
Results: In the study, post-UT anxiety in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.001), while SpO2 was higher (p = 0.021). In the study group, post-UT anxiety (p < 0.001), HR (p = 0.000), and cortisol levels (p = 0.005) decreased compared to pre-UT, whereas in the control group, anxiety (p < 0.001) and HR (p = 0.000) decreased, and SBP (p = 0.010) and RR (p = 0.004) increased.
Conclusions: Aromatherapy during UT positively influenced both the psychological and physiological responses to anxiety.
背景:在进行尿动力学检查(UT)时,患者可能会出现尴尬、不适、烦躁和紧张等情绪,从而导致焦虑。芳香疗法是一种补充和替代治疗方法,可在临床环境中使用,以减轻患者在侵入性手术前的焦虑:本研究旨在确定芳香疗法对UT期间患者焦虑和皮质醇水平的影响:这项单中心、前瞻性、双臂、随机对照临床研究的样本包括98名接受UT的患者。患者被随机分配到干预组(49 人)和对照组(49 人)。焦虑水平使用状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)进行评估,并通过焦虑的生理反应进行测量,如UT前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、外周血氧饱和度(SpO2)和皮质醇水平的变化。干预组在UT前5分钟开始进行芳香疗法,并持续整个测试过程。对照组接受常规治疗和护理。数据采用皮尔逊χ2、因果样本 t 检验和独立样本 t 检验进行分析:在研究中,干预组 UUT 后焦虑明显低于对照组(P 2 高于对照组(P = 0.021)。在研究组中,UT后焦虑(p 结论:干预组的焦虑程度明显低于对照组:UT期间的芳香疗法对焦虑的心理和生理反应都有积极影响。
期刊介绍:
Neurourology and Urodynamics welcomes original scientific contributions from all parts of the world on topics related to urinary tract function, urinary and fecal continence and pelvic floor function.