The gut microbiome of farmed Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) is shaped by feeding stage and nutrient presence.

FEMS microbes Pub Date : 2024-04-23 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1093/femsmc/xtae011
Stephen Knobloch, Sigurlaug Skirnisdóttir, Marianne Dubois, Lucie Mayolle, Laetitia Kolypczuk, Françoise Leroi, Alexandra Leeper, Delphine Passerini, Viggó Þ Marteinsson
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Abstract

The gut microbiome plays an important role in maintaining health and productivity of farmed fish. However, the functional role of most gut microorganisms remains unknown. Identifying the stable members of the gut microbiota and understanding their functional roles could aid in the selection of positive traits or act as a proxy for fish health in aquaculture. Here, we analyse the gut microbial community of farmed juvenile Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and reconstruct the metabolic potential of its main symbionts. The gut microbiota of Arctic char undergoes a succession in community composition during the first weeks post-hatch, with a decrease in Shannon diversity and the establishment of three dominant bacterial taxa. The genome of the most abundant bacterium, a Mycoplasma sp., shows adaptation to rapid growth in the nutrient-rich gut environment. The second most abundant taxon, a Brevinema sp., has versatile metabolic potential, including genes involved in host mucin degradation and utilization. However, during periods of absent gut content, a Ruminococcaceae bacterium becomes dominant, possibly outgrowing all other bacteria through the production of secondary metabolites involved in quorum sensing and cross-inhibition while benefiting the host through short-chain fatty acid production. Whereas Mycoplasma is often present as a symbiont in farmed salmonids, we show that the Ruminococcaceae species is also detected in wild Arctic char, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship between the host and this symbiotic bacterium.

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养殖北极红点鲑(Salvelinus alpinus)的肠道微生物群受饲养阶段和营养物质的影响。
肠道微生物群在维持养殖鱼类的健康和产量方面发挥着重要作用。然而,大多数肠道微生物的功能作用仍然未知。确定肠道微生物群的稳定成员并了解它们的功能作用有助于选择积极的性状或作为水产养殖中鱼类健康的替代物。在这里,我们分析了养殖的北极红点鲑(Salvelinus alpinus)幼鱼的肠道微生物群落,并重建了其主要共生体的代谢潜力。北极红点鲑的肠道微生物群落在孵化后的最初几周内经历了群落组成的演替,香农多样性下降,并形成了三个优势细菌类群。数量最多的细菌是一种支原体,其基因组显示出对营养丰富的肠道环境中快速生长的适应。数量第二多的类群是一种 Brevinema sp.,具有多种代谢潜力,包括参与宿主粘蛋白降解和利用的基因。不过,在肠道内容物缺乏的时期,反刍球菌属细菌会成为优势菌,可能通过产生参与法定量感应和交叉抑制的次级代谢产物而超过所有其他细菌,同时通过产生短链脂肪酸而使宿主受益。支原体通常作为共生体存在于养殖的鲑鱼中,而我们的研究表明,在野生北极红点鲑中也能检测到反刍球菌,这表明宿主与这种共生细菌之间有着密切的进化关系。
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CiteScore
3.30
自引率
0.00%
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0
审稿时长
15 weeks
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