The Short-Duration Heavy Rainfall in Different Quadrants of Northeast China Cold Vortices

IF 2.8 3区 地球科学 Q3 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Journal of Meteorological Research Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI:10.1007/s13351-024-3055-8
Lei Yang, Yongguang Zheng
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Abstract

The Northeast China cold vortex (NCCV) is one of the main synoptic-scale systems causing short-duration heavy rainfall (SDHR) in Northeast China. Environmental conditions (e.g., water vapor, instability, and vertical wind shear) are known to be distinctly different over the four quadrants of NCCVs, rendering prediction of the SDHR related to NCCVs (NCCV_SDHR) more challenging. Based on 5-yr hourly rainfall observations from 3196 automatic weather stations and ERA5 reanalysis data, 10,232 NCCV_SDHR events were identified and divided into four quadrant groups according to their relative position to the center of the NCCV (CVC). The results show that the southeast quadrant features the highest frequency of SDHR, with stronger intensity, longer duration, and wider coverage; and the SDHR in different quadrants presents different formation mechanisms and varied temporal evolution. A new coordinate system is established relative to the CVC that uses the CVC as the origin and the radius of the NCCV (rCV) as the unit distance. In this new coordinate system, all of the NCCV_SDHR events in the 5-yr study period are synthesized. It is found that the occurrence frequency of NCCV_SDHR initially increases and then decreases with increasing distance from the CVC. The highest frequency occurs mainly between 0.8 and 2.5 times rCV from the CVC in the southeast quadrant. This can be attributed to the favorable conditions, such as convergence of the low-level shear line and abundant water vapor, which are concentrated in this region. Furthermore, high-frequency NCCV_SDHR larger than 50 mm (NCCV_SDHR50) is observed to be closer to the CVC. When NCCV_SDHR50 occurs, the NCCV is in closer proximity to the subtropical high, resulting in stronger low-level convergence and more abundant water vapor. Additionally, there are lower lifting condensation levels and stronger 0–6- and 0–1-km vertical wind shears in these environments. These findings provide a valuable reference for more accurate prediction of NCCV_SDHR.

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中国东北冷涡不同象限的短时强降雨
中国东北冷涡(NCCV)是造成中国东北地区短时强降雨(SDHR)的主要同步尺度系统之一。已知东北冷涡的四个象限的环境条件(如水汽、不稳定性和垂直风切变)明显不同,因此预测与东北冷涡相关的短时强降水(NCCV_SDHR)更具挑战性。根据 3196 个自动气象站的 5 年每小时降雨量观测数据和 ERA5 再分析数据,确定了 10232 个 NCCV_SDHR 事件,并根据其与 NCCV 中心(CVC)的相对位置将其分为四个象限组。结果表明,东南象限的SDHR发生频率最高,强度更大,持续时间更长,覆盖范围更广。建立了一个相对于中央气象台的新坐标系,该坐标系以中央气象台为原点,以国家气候中心半径(rCV)为单位距离。在这个新坐标系中,综合了 5 年研究期间的所有 NCCV_SDHR 事件。研究发现,NCCV_SDHR 的发生频率最初随着与 CVC 距离的增加而增加,然后随着距离的增加而减少。最高频率主要出现在东南象限距中央气象台 0.8 至 2.5 倍 rCV 之间。这可能是由于该区域集中了低层切变线的辐合和丰富的水汽等有利条件。此外,观测到大于 50 毫米的高频 NCCV_SDHR(NCCV_SDHR50)更接近 CVC。当 NCCV_SDHR50 出现时,NCCV 与副热带高压的距离更近,从而导致更强的低层辐合和更丰富的水汽。此外,在这些环境中,抬升凝结水平较低,0-6 公里和 0-1 公里垂直风切变较强。这些发现为更准确地预测 NCCV_SDHR 提供了宝贵的参考。
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来源期刊
Journal of Meteorological Research
Journal of Meteorological Research METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
6.20%
发文量
54
期刊介绍: Journal of Meteorological Research (previously known as Acta Meteorologica Sinica) publishes the latest achievements and developments in the field of atmospheric sciences. Coverage is broad, including topics such as pure and applied meteorology; climatology and climate change; marine meteorology; atmospheric physics and chemistry; cloud physics and weather modification; numerical weather prediction; data assimilation; atmospheric sounding and remote sensing; atmospheric environment and air pollution; radar and satellite meteorology; agricultural and forest meteorology and more.
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