Fire regime attributes shape pre-fire vegetation characteristics controlling extreme fire behavior under different bioregions in Spain

IF 3.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Fire Ecology Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI:10.1186/s42408-024-00276-w
David Beltrán-Marcos, Susana Suárez-Seoane, José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga, João C. Azevedo, Leonor Calvo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Designing effective land management actions addressed to increase ecosystem resilience requires us to understand how shifting fire regimes are shaping landscapes. In this study, we aim to assess the link between fire regime and pre-fire vegetation biophysical characteristics (type, amount, and structure) in controlling extreme fire behavior across Atlantic-Transition-Mediterranean bioregions in Spain marked by different summer drought conditions and dominant plant regenerative traits. We used remote sensing metrics to estimate fire severity and pre-fire vegetation characteristics in eight study areas recently affected by large and highly severe wildfires under different environmental contexts. Furthermore, to account for fire regime attributes, we retrieved, for each target wildfire, the perimeter of the past wildfires that occurred between 1985 and 2022 and calculated fire recurrence, the time the since last fire (TSLF), and fire severity of previous wildfires (FSPW). The effect of fire regime attributes on pre-fire vegetation was examined using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). During the study period, fire recurrence decreased significantly in all bioregions analyzed. Fire severity increased under Atlantic conditions and decreased under Mediterranean environmental context, where the time since the last fire was the highest. Pre-fire fuel type and amount were identified as primary drivers of fire severity, being both strongly modulated by fire regime but following distinct mechanisms depending on the environmental context of each bioregion. In Atlantic sites, more frequent past wildfires of low to moderate fire severity were associated with a greater dominance of fire-prone shrublands with moderate fuel amounts, which increases the risk of severe wildfires. Similar trends occurred in Transition and Mediterranean sites but under the previous occurrence of highly severe wildfires. Specifically, long times after highly severe wildfires (> 30 years) increased fuel amount in conifer-dominated ecosystems in all bioregions analyzed, heightening susceptibility to extreme fire behavior. Our findings highlight that fire-prone ecosystems need adaptative management strategies to mitigate the effects of fire regime changes, but these actions should be specific to the climatic and ecological context.
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在西班牙不同的生物区域,火灾机制属性决定了控制极端火灾行为的火前植被特征
要设计有效的土地管理措施来提高生态系统的恢复能力,我们就必须了解不断变化的火灾机制是如何塑造地貌的。在这项研究中,我们旨在评估火灾机制与火灾前植被生物物理特征(类型、数量和结构)之间在控制西班牙大西洋-过渡带-地中海生物区极端火灾行为方面的联系,这些生物区以不同的夏季干旱条件和优势植物再生特征为标志。我们利用遥感指标估算了最近在不同环境背景下受大规模严重野火影响的八个研究区域的火灾严重程度和火前植被特征。此外,为了考虑火灾机制属性,我们为每个目标野火检索了1985年至2022年间发生的以往野火的周长,并计算了火灾复发率、上次火灾以来的时间(TSLF)和以往野火的火灾严重程度(FSPW)。利用广义线性混合模型(GLMMs)研究了火灾机制属性对火灾前植被的影响。在研究期间,所分析的所有生物区的火灾复发率都明显下降。在大西洋环境下,火灾严重程度增加,而在地中海环境下,火灾严重程度降低,因为地中海环境下距上次火灾发生的时间最长。火灾前的燃料类型和数量被认为是火灾严重程度的主要驱动因素,它们都受到火灾机制的强烈调节,但根据每个生物区的环境背景,其机制又各不相同。在大西洋地区,过去发生的中低严重程度的野火更为频繁,这与易起火灌木林占主导地位且燃料量适中有关,这增加了发生严重野火的风险。在过渡区和地中海地区也出现了类似的趋势,但都是在以前发生过严重野火的情况下。具体来说,在所有分析的生物区中,严重野火发生后很长一段时间(大于 30 年),针叶林为主的生态系统中的燃料量增加,从而更容易发生极端火灾。我们的研究结果突出表明,火灾易发生态系统需要适应性管理策略来减轻火灾机制变化的影响,但这些行动应针对具体的气候和生态环境。
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来源期刊
Fire Ecology
Fire Ecology ECOLOGY-FORESTRY
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
7.80%
发文量
24
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Fire Ecology is the international scientific journal supported by the Association for Fire Ecology. Fire Ecology publishes peer-reviewed articles on all ecological and management aspects relating to wildland fire. We welcome submissions on topics that include a broad range of research on the ecological relationships of fire to its environment, including, but not limited to: Ecology (physical and biological fire effects, fire regimes, etc.) Social science (geography, sociology, anthropology, etc.) Fuel Fire science and modeling Planning and risk management Law and policy Fire management Inter- or cross-disciplinary fire-related topics Technology transfer products.
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