From stem cells to extracellular vesicles: a new horizon in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

IF 2 4区生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Cytotechnology Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI:10.1007/s10616-024-00631-4

Gajanan Arbade, Jovel Varghese Jose, Arvind Gulbake, Sachin Kadam, Shivaji B. Kashte

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Abstract

In the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become viable therapeutic tools. EVs produced from stem cells promote tissue healing by regulating the immune system, enhancing cell proliferation and aiding remodeling processes. Recently, EV has gained significant attention from researchers due to its ability to treat various diseases. Unlike stem cells, stem cell-derived EVs show lower immunogenicity, are less able to overcome biological barriers, and have a higher safety profile. This makes the use of EVs derived from cell-free stem cells a promising alternative to whole-cell therapy. This review focuses on the biogenesis, isolation, and characterization of EVs and highlights their therapeutic potential for bone fracture healing, wound healing, and neuronal tissue repair and treatment of kidney and intestinal diseases. Additionally, this review discusses the potential of EVs for the treatment of cancer, COVID-19, and HIV. In summary, the use of EVs derived from stem cells offers a new horizon for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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从干细胞到细胞外囊泡：组织工程和再生医学的新视野

在组织工程和再生医学领域，细胞外囊泡（EVs）已成为可行的治疗工具。干细胞产生的EV通过调节免疫系统、促进细胞增殖和帮助重塑过程来促进组织愈合。最近，EV因其治疗各种疾病的能力而受到研究人员的极大关注。与干细胞不同，干细胞衍生的EV显示出较低的免疫原性，克服生物障碍的能力较弱，安全性较高。这使得使用无细胞干细胞衍生的EVs成为全细胞疗法的一种有前途的替代方法。这篇综述重点介绍了EVs的生物发生、分离和特征，并强调了EVs在骨折愈合、伤口愈合、神经元组织修复以及治疗肾脏和肠道疾病方面的治疗潜力。此外，本综述还讨论了 EVs 在治疗癌症、COVID-19 和 HIV 方面的潜力。总之，干细胞衍生的EVs为组织工程和再生医学的应用开辟了新天地。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cytotechnology 生物-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The scope of the Journal includes: 1. The derivation, genetic modification and characterization of cell lines, genetic and phenotypic regulation, control of cellular metabolism, cell physiology and biochemistry related to cell function, performance and expression of cell products. 2. Cell culture techniques, substrates, environmental requirements and optimization, cloning, hybridization and molecular biology, including genomic and proteomic tools. 3. Cell culture systems, processes, reactors, scale-up, and industrial production. Descriptions of the design or construction of equipment, media or quality control procedures, that are ancillary to cellular research. 4. The application of animal/human cells in research in the field of stem cell research including maintenance of stemness, differentiation, genetics, and senescence, cancer research, research in immunology, as well as applications in tissue engineering and gene therapy. 5. The use of cell cultures as a substrate for bioassays, biomedical applications and in particular as a replacement for animal models.