Nursing students' personality (Temperament and Character), burnout symptoms, and health and well-being

Danilo Garcia , Maryam Kazemitabar , Elina Björk , Thiago Medeiros da Costa Daniele , Marko Mihailovic , Kevin M. Cloninger , Mirna Albuquerque Frota , C.Robert Cloninger
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Abstract

Background

About 9 million nurses will be needed by 2030. To face these unprecedented times, governments/institutions focus on educating as many nursing students as possible. This strategy is clouded by burnout and lack of both health and well-being among students and by the fact that personality is one of the major determinants of these health outcomes. Nevertheless, recent findings show that personality is a complex adaptive system (i,e., nonlinear) and that combinations of people's temperament and character traits (i.e., joint personality networks) might provide further information to understand its development, academic burnout, and lack of health and well-being.

Aims

Our aims were to investigate the linear relationship between nursing students’ personality, burnout, health, and well-being; investigate the linear mediational effects of personality and burnout on health and well-being; and investigate differences in these health outcomes between/within students with distinct joint personality networks (i.e., nonlinear relationships).

Method

Swedish nursing students (189 women, 29 men) responded to the Temperament and Character Inventory, The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey for Students, and the Public Health Surveillance Well-Being Scale. We conducted correlation analyses and Structural Equation Modeling and, for the nonlinear relationships, Latent Profile Analysis and Latent Class Analysis for clustering and then Analyses of Variance for differences in health outcomes between/within students with distinct personality networks. This study was not pre-registered.

Results

High levels of health and well-being and low burnout symptoms (low Emotional Exhaustion, low Cynicism, and high Academic Efficacy) were associated with low Harm Avoidance and high Self-Directedness. Some personality traits were associated with specific health outcomes (e.g., high Self-Transcendence-high Emotional Exhaustion and high Persistence-high Academic Efficacy) and their effects on health and well-being were mediated by specific burnout symptoms. Cynicism and Emotional Exhaustion predicted low levels of health and well-being, Academic Efficacy predicted high levels, and Cynicism lead both directly and indirectly to low levels of health and well-being through Emotional Exhaustion. We found two joint personality networks: students with an Organized/Reliable combination who reported being less emotionally exhausted by their studies, less cynical towards education, higher self-efficacy regarding their academic work/skills, and better health and well-being compared to nursing students with an Emotional/Unreliable combination.

Conclusions

The coherence of temperament-character, rather than single traits, seems to determine students’ health outcomes. Thus, nursing education might need to focus on helping students to develop professional skills and health-related abilities (e.g., self-acceptance and spiritual-acceptance), by supporting self-awareness.

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护理专业学生的个性(气质和性格)、职业倦怠症状以及健康和幸福感
背景到 2030 年将需要约 900 万名护士。面对这一史无前例的时代,政府/机构将重点放在尽可能多地培养护理专业学生上。学生的职业倦怠、缺乏健康和幸福感,以及人格是这些健康结果的主要决定因素之一的事实,给这一战略蒙上了阴影。然而,最近的研究结果表明,人格是一个复杂的适应系统(即非线性),人们的气质和性格特征的组合(即联合人格网络)可能会提供更多信息、我们的目的是调查护理专业学生的人格、职业倦怠、健康和幸福感之间的线性关系;调查人格和职业倦怠对健康和幸福感的线性中介效应;调查具有不同联合人格网络的学生之间/内部在这些健康结果上的差异(即非线性关系)、方法瑞典护理专业学生(189 名女生,29 名男生)对气质与性格问卷、马斯拉赫学生职业倦怠调查问卷和公共卫生监测幸福感量表进行了问卷调查。我们进行了相关性分析和结构方程建模,对于非线性关系,我们进行了潜在轮廓分析和潜在类分析以进行聚类,然后进行了方差分析以了解具有不同性格网络的学生之间/内部在健康结果方面的差异。结果高水平的健康和幸福感以及低倦怠症状(低情绪耗竭、低玩世不恭和高学术效率)与低伤害规避和高自我导向相关。一些人格特质与特定的健康结果相关(如高自我超越-高情感枯竭和高坚持-高学术效率),它们对健康和幸福的影响通过特定的职业倦怠症状来调节。玩世不恭和情感枯竭预示着低水平的健康和幸福感,学术效率预示着高水平的健康和幸福感,而玩世不恭则通过情感枯竭直接或间接地导致低水平的健康和幸福感。我们发现了两个共同的人格网络:与情绪化/不可靠组合的护理专业学生相比,有组织/可靠组合的学生在学习中的情绪耗竭较少,对教育的愤世嫉俗较少,对学业工作/技能的自我效能感较高,健康和幸福感较好。因此,护理教育可能需要通过支持自我意识,重点帮助学生发展专业技能和与健康相关的能力(如自我接纳和精神接纳)。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
45
审稿时长
81 days
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