The chemical biology of dinitrogen trioxide

Redox Biochemistry and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI:10.1016/j.rbc.2024.100026

Matías N. Möller , Darío A. Vitturi

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Abstract

Dinitrogen trioxide (N₂O₃) mediates low-molecular weight and protein S- and N-nitrosation, with recent reports suggesting a role in the formation of nitrating intermediates as well as in nitrite-dependent hypoxic vasodilatation. However, the reactivity of N₂O₃ in biological systems results in an extremely short half-life that renders this molecule essentially undetectable by currently available technologies. As a result, evidence for in vivo N₂O₃ formation derives from the detection of nitrosated products as well as from in vitro kinetic determinations, isotopic labeling studies, and spectroscopic analyses. This review will discuss mechanisms of N₂O₃ formation, reactivity and decomposition, as well as address the role of sub-cellular localization as a key determinant of its actions. Finally, evidence will be discussed supporting different roles for N₂O₃ as a biologically relevant signaling molecule.

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三氧化二氮的化学生物学

三氧化二氮（N2O3）可介导低分子量、蛋白质 S-和 N-亚硝基化，最近的报告表明，它在硝化中间产物的形成以及亚硝酸盐依赖性缺氧性血管扩张中发挥了作用。然而，由于 N2O3 在生物系统中的反应性，其半衰期极短，目前可用的技术基本上检测不到这种分子。因此，体内 N2O3 形成的证据来自亚硝酸盐化产物的检测以及体外动力学测定、同位素标记研究和光谱分析。本综述将讨论 N2O3 的形成、反应和分解机制，并探讨亚细胞定位作为其作用的关键决定因素的作用。最后，还将讨论支持 N2O3 作为生物相关信号分子发挥不同作用的证据。

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Redox Biochemistry and Chemistry

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