Evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) productivity and economics under Melia composita Willd. based agroforestry system in the mid-hills of Northwestern Himalayas: Effects of tree spacing and use of vegetative mulch

IF 2.2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Agroforestry Systems Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI:10.1007/s10457-024-01001-x

Kushagra Singh, D. R. Bhardwaj, Rajesh Kaushal, Praveen Kumar, Jatin Kumar, Prashant Sharma, Dhirender Kumar

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Abstract

Innovative practices like combining agroforestry with organic mulch can store carbon and enhance crop yields by regulating soil temperature, improving soil health and moisture. A study was conducted during 2022–23 in the mid-hills of the North-western Himalayas to evaluate the productivity of turmeric plants grown under different densities of Melia composita Willd. The research employed a split-plot design, utilizing different tree spacings (main plot)—8m × 5m (S₁) and 8m × 4m (S₂) of Melia composita trees and sole cropping, along with one control (T₁) and nine distinct mulch treatments (sub-plots): T₂ (Farm yard manure (FYM)), T₃ (Toona ciliata + FYM + Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF)), T₄ (Artemis vulgaris + FYM + RDF), T₅ (Ulmus villosa + FYM + RDF), T₆ (Celtis australis + FYM + RDF), T₇ (Pinus roxburghii + FYM + RDF), T₈ (Pistacia integrimma + FYM + RDF), T₉ (Phyllostachys aurea + FYM + RDF), T₁₀ (Melia composita + FYM + RDF). The results showed that higher biomass (301.54 Mg ha⁻¹) and carbon density (143.24 Mg ha⁻¹) were achieved with S₂ tree spacing than S₁. However, for better turmeric growth and yield, S₁ tree spacing performed better. Among the different mulch treatments, T₆ produced the highest curcumin percentage, primary finger count, and mother rhizome weight. On the other hand, T₁₀ resulted in the highest primary finger weight and total yield. Using T₃ mulch enhanced the level of available N, P, K in soil and mulch used in T₉ improved the soil microbial characteristics. Turmeric intercropped with M. composita in 8m × 5m (S₁) and 8m × 4m (S₂) spacing resulted in net returns of $7948.44 ha⁻¹ and $7456.64 ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively, which were 23.74% and 16.07% increase compared to sole cropping (S₃). This research provides valuable insights into optimizing tree spacing and mulch materials in an agroforestry system based on M. composita, which enhances turmeric crop productivity, soil health and economic viability.

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喜马拉雅山西北部半山地区以 Melia composita Willd.为基础的农林系统下姜黄（Curcuma longa L.）的生产力和经济效益评估：树间距和使用植被覆盖物的影响

将农林业与有机覆盖物相结合等创新做法可以储存碳，并通过调节土壤温度、改善土壤健康和水分来提高作物产量。2022-23 年期间，在喜马拉雅山西北部的半山区进行了一项研究，以评估在不同密度的 Melia composita Willd 下种植的姜黄植物的产量。该研究采用了分小区设计，利用不同的树间距（主小区）--8 米 × 5 米（S1）和 8 米 × 4 米（S2）的 Melia composita 树和单一作物，以及一个对照（T1）和九个不同的覆盖物处理（子小区）：T2（农家肥）、T3（纤毛香椿＋农家肥＋推荐剂量肥料（RDF））、T4（蒿草＋农家肥＋RDF）、T5（榆树＋农家肥＋RDF）、T6 (Celtis australis + FYM + RDF), T7 (Pinus roxburghii + FYM + RDF), T8 (Pistacia integrimma + FYM + RDF), T9 (Phyllostachys aurea + FYM + RDF), T10 (Melia composita + FYM + RDF)。结果表明，S2 树距的生物量（301.54 兆克/公顷-1）和碳密度（143.24 兆克/公顷-1）均高于 S1 树距。然而，为了获得更好的姜黄生长和产量，S1 树距的效果更好。在不同的地膜覆盖处理中，T6 产生的姜黄素百分比、主指数和母根茎重量最高。另一方面，T10 的主指重量和总产量最高。使用 T3 覆盖物提高了土壤中可利用的氮、磷、钾水平，T9 使用的覆盖物改善了土壤微生物特性。以 8 米 × 5 米（S1）和 8 米 × 4 米（S2）的株行距间作姜黄与蛊毒草，一年的净收益分别为 7948.44 美元/公顷和 7456.64 美元/公顷，与单作（S3）相比分别增加了 23.74% 和 16.07%。这项研究为优化以复合黄姜为基础的农林系统中的树木间距和覆盖材料提供了宝贵的见解，从而提高了黄姜作物的产量、土壤健康和经济可行性。

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来源期刊

Agroforestry Systems 农林科学-林学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

4.5 months

期刊介绍： Agroforestry Systems is an international scientific journal that publishes results of novel, high impact original research, critical reviews and short communications on any aspect of agroforestry. The journal particularly encourages contributions that demonstrate the role of agroforestry in providing commodity as well non-commodity benefits such as ecosystem services. Papers dealing with both biophysical and socioeconomic aspects are welcome. These include results of investigations of a fundamental or applied nature dealing with integrated systems involving trees and crops and/or livestock. Manuscripts that are purely descriptive in nature or confirmatory in nature of well-established findings, and with limited international scope are discouraged. To be acceptable for publication, the information presented must be relevant to a context wider than the specific location where the study was undertaken, and provide new insight or make a significant contribution to the agroforestry knowledge base