Poluição atmosférica e seu impacto atual na doença de Parkinson: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease affecting millions worldwide, is characterized by the depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Airborne smoke is a growing concern and has been linked to acute inflammatory processes in the body and potential neurodegenerative effects due to its transport to the brain through the olfactory bulb. Objective. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of air pollution on PD. Method. The review followed the Reporting Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in the Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews. Electronic literature search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, LILACS and BINACIS. Results. The review process identified 2703 articles, of which 7 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The studies investigated the relationship between PD and exposure to various air pollutants, such as PM2.5, NO2 and CO. Individual studies provided mixed results, some found no statistically significant associations, while others showed a positive association between exposure to air pollution and the incidence of PD. Studies using PM2.5 as an indicator of air pollution have consistently demonstrated a possible link with the incidence of PD. Exposure to PM10 and NO2 also showed some evidence of an association with PD risk. Conclusion. This systematic review suggests that there may be an association between air pollution, especially exposure to PM2.5, and the incidence of PD. Objective: This systematic review aims to assess the impact of air pollution on Parkinson's disease. Methods: The review followed the Reporting Preferred Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in the Prospective International Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Electronic literature search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, LILACS and BINACIS. Eligibility criteria included observational cohort studies that assessed the impact of air pollution on PD. Results: The review process identified 2703 articles, of which 7 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The studies investigated the relationship between PD and exposure to various air pollutants, such as PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO and O3. Individual studies provided mixed results, some found no statistically significant associations, while others showed a positive association between exposure to air pollution and the incidence of PD. Studies using PM2.5 as an indicator of air pollution have consistently demonstrated a possible link with the incidence of PD. Exposure to PM10 and NO2 also showed some evidence of an association with PD risk. Conclusion: This systematic review suggests that there may be an association between air pollution, especially exposure to PM2.5, and the incidence of Parkinson's disease.