{"title":"Classification of Neurocognition in Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia: A Cluster Analysis","authors":"Yusuke Kurebayashi, J. Otaki","doi":"10.1155/2024/3920137","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Cognitive functions in almost all domains are lower in patients with schizophrenia than those in healthy controls, with the severity of impairment differing between domains. Treatments are being developed to improve cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. However, the pattern of cognitive impairment must be clarified to facilitate treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to classify the patterns of cognitive impairment in individuals and provide treatment suggestions. Methods. Patients with schizophrenia were recruited from two psychiatric hospitals in Japan. Demographic and psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale for Schizophrenia and neurocognitive functions, using the CogHealth battery. The following domains were assessed: processing speed, visual attention, working memory, visual learning, and spatial attention. The scores were standardised and assigned as the same-aged average score. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method was performed based on CogHealth scores. Subsequently, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparisons were performed to compare the variables in each cluster. Results. In total, 133 participants were classified into four clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 16), with severe cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms and the longest stay; Cluster 2 (n = 44), with moderate cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms; Cluster 3 (n = 42), with preserved cognitive function, except for spatial perception, and mild psychiatric symptoms; and Cluster 4 (n = 31), with only memory and spatial perception impairment and mild psychiatric symptoms. Implications. The clusters indicate that impairment may occur in all or selective domains. Selective domain impairments may be in spatial perception or in spatial perception and memory. Therefore, it is recommended that treatments for cognitive dysfunction are developed into four subsets considering an individual’s cognitive features.","PeriodicalId":20019,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives in Psychiatric Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Perspectives in Psychiatric Care","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3920137","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"NURSING","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objectives. Cognitive functions in almost all domains are lower in patients with schizophrenia than those in healthy controls, with the severity of impairment differing between domains. Treatments are being developed to improve cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. However, the pattern of cognitive impairment must be clarified to facilitate treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to classify the patterns of cognitive impairment in individuals and provide treatment suggestions. Methods. Patients with schizophrenia were recruited from two psychiatric hospitals in Japan. Demographic and psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale for Schizophrenia and neurocognitive functions, using the CogHealth battery. The following domains were assessed: processing speed, visual attention, working memory, visual learning, and spatial attention. The scores were standardised and assigned as the same-aged average score. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward’s method was performed based on CogHealth scores. Subsequently, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multiple comparisons were performed to compare the variables in each cluster. Results. In total, 133 participants were classified into four clusters: Cluster 1 (n = 16), with severe cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms and the longest stay; Cluster 2 (n = 44), with moderate cognitive impairment and psychiatric symptoms; Cluster 3 (n = 42), with preserved cognitive function, except for spatial perception, and mild psychiatric symptoms; and Cluster 4 (n = 31), with only memory and spatial perception impairment and mild psychiatric symptoms. Implications. The clusters indicate that impairment may occur in all or selective domains. Selective domain impairments may be in spatial perception or in spatial perception and memory. Therefore, it is recommended that treatments for cognitive dysfunction are developed into four subsets considering an individual’s cognitive features.
期刊介绍:
Perspectives in Psychiatric Care (PPC) is recognized and respected as THE journal for advanced practice psychiatric nurses. The journal provides advanced practice nurses with current research, clinical application, and knowledge about psychiatric nursing, prescriptive treatment, and education. It publishes peer-reviewed papers that reflect clinical practice issues, psychobiological information, and integrative perspectives that are evidence-based. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care includes regular columns on the biology of mental illness and pharmacology, the art of prescribing, integrative perspectives, and private practice issues.