Blood Pressure: The History and Development of Monitoring Modalities

Abstract

Background Blood pressure (BP) is one of the most frequently measured and monitored physiologic vital signs by all stroke clinicians, yet data suggest that only 1 out of 5 clinicians applies evidence-based methods for BP monitoring.  Methods An exhaustive review of the literature was conducted and assembled to provide a historical clinical account of BP monitoring modalities and related evidence-based clinical methods. Results Evidence-based clinical methods are described for use of manual sphygmomanometry, noninvasive oscillometric automatic BP (NIBP) monitors, and arterial lines.  Implications for practice are discussed in relation to provision of acute and critical care of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Conclusion Use of evidence-based BP monitoring methods ensures accurate management of highly vulnerable stroke patients. Knowledge of the history of BP monitoring, along with the benefits and limitations of different measurement methods enables accuracy in BP treatment, benefitting stroke patient outcomes.