Groundwater contamination and health risk assessment in Indian subcontinent: A geospatial approach

Abstract

This abstract highlights the significant issue of groundwater contamination and its direct influence on human health, in the Indian subcontinent (ISC). Groundwater serves as a crucial source of drinking water for about half of the global population, with approximately 2.5 billion individuals depends on groundwater for their routine water needs. Studying groundwater contamination and health risks through a geospatial approach is crucial due to dense population reliance on groundwater, significant public health concerns, environmental impacts, economic implications, and the need for informed policy and planning. Geospatial techniques enable better visualization and analysis of contamination patterns, aiding in targeted interventions and sustainable management strategies amidst challenges like climate change. In arid regions with limited water resources, the degradation of water quality and the occurrence of metal contaminants in groundwater pose serious threats. The review focuses on groundwater contamination and health perils allied with specific elements like arsenic, nitrate, and fluoride. It sheds light on the pollution of groundwater in the ISC rendering it unsuitable for diverse purposes. It anticipated causing significant harm to human health, life, and vegetation. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the understanding of the magnitude of groundwater contamination in the ISC and the potential consequences for both the environment and human well-being.