Racial/ethnic trends in opioid and polysubstance opioid overdose mortality in adolescents and young adults, 1999–2020

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Addictive behaviors Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108065

Paige N. Brinzo, Silvia S. Martins

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Abstract

Objectives

Previous reports have described variations in opioid overdose mortalities among different race/ethnicity groups. We have analyzed racial/ethnicity trends in opioid and polysubstance opioid overdose mortalities in adolescents and young adults to further characterize differences and potential sub-epidemics within this specific population.

Methods

We used mortality data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) Multiple Cause of Death file from 1999 to 2020. Drug overdose mortalities were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. Joinpoint regression was used to examine mortality rates for all opioids, opioids with a stimulant, opioids with benzodiazepines, and opioids with alcohol among racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic other) in adolescents and young adults.

Results

The Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for mortality due to opioid and polysubstance opioid overdose increased for all racial/ethnic groups where data was available for analysis from 1999 to 2020. For mortality due to any opioid and any opioid with a stimulant, the greatest AAPC was seen among non-Hispanic Blacks.

Conclusions

Unprecedented increases in mortality due to opioid overdose occurred in the last two decades among adolescents and young adults. Heterogenous trends support the notion that the previously defined opioid overdose epidemic “waves” may not accurately depict the effects of the crisis in all race/ethnicity groups. Additionally, alarming increases in opioid-stimulant overdose mortality starting in 2012 further characterize the interrelated effects of the third and fourth waves.

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1999-2020 年青少年和年轻成年人类阿片和多种药物过量死亡率的种族/族裔趋势

目标以前的报告描述了不同种族/族裔群体在阿片类药物过量致死方面的差异。我们分析了青少年和年轻成年人阿片类药物和多种药物过量致死的种族/民族趋势，以进一步描述这一特定人群中的差异和潜在的亚流行病。吸毒过量死亡病例使用国际疾病分类第十次修订版（ICD-10）代码进行鉴定。接合点回归法用于检测青少年和年轻成人中不同种族/族裔群体（非西班牙裔白人、非西班牙裔黑人、西班牙裔、非西班牙裔其他群体）中所有阿片类药物、阿片类药物与兴奋剂、阿片类药物与苯二氮卓类药物以及阿片类药物与酒精的死亡率。结果从 1999 年到 2020 年，在有数据可供分析的所有种族/族裔群体中，阿片类药物和多种物质阿片类药物过量导致的死亡率的年均百分比变化（AAPC）均有所上升。就任何阿片类药物和任何含有兴奋剂的阿片类药物导致的死亡率而言，非西班牙裔黑人的 AAPC 最大。不同的趋势表明，以前定义的阿片类药物过量流行病 "浪潮 "可能无法准确描述危机对所有种族/族裔群体的影响。此外，从 2012 年开始，阿片类兴奋剂用药过量死亡率出现了惊人的增长，这进一步说明了第三波和第四波疫情的相互影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Addictive behaviors 医学-药物滥用

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

4.50%

发文量

283

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Addictive Behaviors is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing high quality human research on addictive behaviors and disorders since 1975. The journal accepts submissions of full-length papers and short communications on substance-related addictions such as the abuse of alcohol, drugs and nicotine, and behavioral addictions involving gambling and technology. We primarily publish behavioral and psychosocial research but our articles span the fields of psychology, sociology, psychiatry, epidemiology, social policy, medicine, pharmacology and neuroscience. While theoretical orientations are diverse, the emphasis of the journal is primarily empirical. That is, sound experimental design combined with valid, reliable assessment and evaluation procedures are a requisite for acceptance. However, innovative and empirically oriented case studies that might encourage new lines of inquiry are accepted as well. Studies that clearly contribute to current knowledge of etiology, prevention, social policy or treatment are given priority. Scholarly commentaries on topical issues, systematic reviews, and mini reviews are encouraged. We especially welcome multimedia papers that incorporate video or audio components to better display methodology or findings. Studies can also be submitted to Addictive Behaviors? companion title, the open access journal Addictive Behaviors Reports, which has a particular interest in ''non-traditional'', innovative and empirically-oriented research such as negative/null data papers, replication studies, case reports on novel treatments, and cross-cultural research.