Social contacts in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from the CoMix study

IF 3 3区 医学 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Epidemics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100771
Martina L. Reichmuth , Leonie Heron , Philippe Beutels , Niel Hens , Nicola Low , Christian L. Althaus
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Abstract

To mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the Swiss government enacted restrictions on social contacts from 2020 to 2022. In addition, individuals changed their social contact behavior to limit the risk of COVID-19. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes in social contact patterns of the Swiss population. As part of the CoMix study, we conducted a survey consisting of 24 survey waves from January 2021 to May 2022. We collected data on social contacts and constructed contact matrices for the age groups 0–4, 5–14, 15–29, 30–64, and 65 years and older. We estimated the change in contact numbers during the COVID-19 pandemic to a synthetic pre-pandemic contact matrix. We also investigated the association of the largest eigenvalue of the social contact and transmission matrices with the stringency of pandemic measures, the effective reproduction number (Re), and vaccination uptake. During the pandemic period, 7084 responders reported an average number of 4.5 contacts (95% confidence interval, CI: 4.5–4.6) per day overall, which varied by age and survey wave. Children aged 5–14 years had the highest number of contacts with 8.5 (95% CI: 8.1–8.9) contacts on average per day and participants that were 65 years and older reported the fewest (3.4, 95% CI: 3.2–3.5) per day. Compared with the pre-pandemic baseline, we found that the 15–29 and 30–64 year olds had the largest reduction in contacts. We did not find statistically significant associations between the largest eigenvalue of the social contact and transmission matrices and the stringency of measures, Re, or vaccination uptake. The number of social contacts in Switzerland fell during the COVID-19 pandemic and remained below pre-pandemic levels after contact restrictions were lifted. The collected social contact data will be critical in informing modeling studies on the transmission of respiratory infections in Switzerland and to guide pandemic preparedness efforts.

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COVID-19 大流行期间瑞士的社会接触:CoMix 研究的启示
为减少 SARS-CoV-2 的传播,瑞士政府颁布了 2020 年至 2022 年的社会接触限制措施。此外,个人也改变了其社会接触行为,以限制 COVID-19 的风险。在本研究中,我们旨在调查瑞士人口社会接触模式的变化。作为 CoMix 研究的一部分,我们在 2021 年 1 月至 2022 年 5 月期间进行了 24 次调查。我们收集了社会接触数据,并构建了 0-4 岁、5-14 岁、15-29 岁、30-64 岁和 65 岁及以上年龄组的接触矩阵。我们估算了 COVID-19 大流行期间接触人数与大流行前合成接触矩阵的变化情况。我们还研究了社会接触和传播矩阵的最大特征值与大流行措施的严格程度、有效繁殖数 (Re) 和疫苗接种率之间的关联。在大流行期间,7084 名受访者报告的平均接触次数为每天 4.5 次(95% 置信区间:4.5-4.6),各年龄段和调查波次有所不同。5-14 岁儿童的接触次数最多,平均每天为 8.5 次(95% 置信区间:8.1-8.9),而 65 岁及以上的参与者报告的接触次数最少(3.4 次,95% 置信区间:3.2-3.5)。与大流行前的基线相比,我们发现 15-29 岁和 30-64 岁人群的接触次数减少最多。我们没有发现社会接触和传播矩阵的最大特征值与措施的严格程度、Re 或疫苗接种率之间存在统计学意义上的显著关联。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,瑞士的社会接触人数有所下降,在解除接触限制后仍低于大流行前的水平。收集到的社会接触数据对瑞士呼吸道传染病传播模型研究和指导大流行准备工作至关重要。
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来源期刊
Epidemics
Epidemics INFECTIOUS DISEASES-
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
7.90%
发文量
92
审稿时长
140 days
期刊介绍: Epidemics publishes papers on infectious disease dynamics in the broadest sense. Its scope covers both within-host dynamics of infectious agents and dynamics at the population level, particularly the interaction between the two. Areas of emphasis include: spread, transmission, persistence, implications and population dynamics of infectious diseases; population and public health as well as policy aspects of control and prevention; dynamics at the individual level; interaction with the environment, ecology and evolution of infectious diseases, as well as population genetics of infectious agents.
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