Accuracy and error analysis of optical liquid film thickness measurement with total internal reflection method (TIRM)

IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Experiments in Fluids Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI:10.1007/s00348-024-03820-1
Matteo Grasso, Victor Petrov, Annalisa Manera
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Abstract

The characterization of thin liquid films is relevant to many engineering applications, ranging from oil and chemical industry to refrigeration systems, to cooling of light water nuclear reactors. The total internal reflection method (TIRM) is an optical method known for decades for being able to non-intrusively measure film thickness of a wide range of fluids flowing over a transparent wall, but systematic studies on the accuracy of the method are still missing. In this work, TIRM is presented and all the main potential error sources related to the application of such measurement are thoroughly characterized. The analysis includes the potential impact of variation of the refractive index on the measured thickness, the extension of the experimental calibration range to a broader set of measurable thicknesses and the effect of the inhomogeneity of the film free surface on the measured thickness. This latter aspect was never investigated in detail before because of the inherent complexity of the involved physical phenomena, but an in-house developed ray-tracing simulation allows new insights into the problem. Overall, the present paper redefines the utilization limitations and the accuracy of TIRM.

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全内反射法(TIRM)光学液膜厚度测量的精度和误差分析
液体薄膜的表征与许多工程应用相关,从石油和化学工业到制冷系统,再到轻水核反应堆的冷却,不一而足。全内反射法(TIRM)是一种已知的光学方法,能够无干扰地测量流过透明壁的各种液体的薄膜厚度,已有数十年的历史,但目前仍缺乏对该方法准确性的系统研究。在这项工作中,对 TIRM 进行了介绍,并对与此类测量应用相关的所有主要潜在误差源进行了全面分析。分析包括折射率变化对测量厚度的潜在影响、将实验校准范围扩展到更广泛的可测量厚度以及薄膜自由表面的不均匀性对测量厚度的影响。由于所涉及的物理现象固有的复杂性,后一个方面以前从未进行过详细研究,但通过内部开发的光线跟踪模拟,可以对这一问题有新的认识。总之,本文重新定义了 TIRM 的使用限制和准确性。
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来源期刊
Experiments in Fluids
Experiments in Fluids 工程技术-工程:机械
CiteScore
5.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
157
审稿时长
3.8 months
期刊介绍: Experiments in Fluids examines the advancement, extension, and improvement of new techniques of flow measurement. The journal also publishes contributions that employ existing experimental techniques to gain an understanding of the underlying flow physics in the areas of turbulence, aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, convective heat transfer, combustion, turbomachinery, multi-phase flows, and chemical, biological and geological flows. In addition, readers will find papers that report on investigations combining experimental and analytical/numerical approaches.
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