The end of court-ordered desegregation and US children's health: quasi-experimental evidence.

IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH American journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1093/aje/kwae082
Guangyi Wang, Justin S White, Rita Hamad
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Abstract

School racial segregation significantly affects racial disparities in US children's health. Recently, school segregation has been increasing, partially due to Supreme Court decisions since 1991 that have made it easier for school districts to be released from court-ordered desegregation. We investigated the association of the end of court-ordered desegregation with child health, using the 1997-2018 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (n = 8182 Black children; n = 16 930 White children). We exploited quasi-random variation in the timing of school districts' releases from court orders to estimate effects on general health, body weight, mental health, and asthma, using difference-in-differences and event-study methods (including traditional and heterogeneity-robust estimators). Heterogeneity-robust difference-in-differences analyses show that release was associated with increased school segregation, improved mental health among Black children, and better self-reported health among White children. For heterogeneity-robust event-study analyses, school segregation increased steadily over time after release, with worse self-reported health and higher risk of asthma episodes among Black children aged 18 years or older after release. Black children's mental health temporarily improved in the short term. In contrast, White children had improved self-reported health, mental health, and risk of asthma episodes in some years. Interventions to address the harms of school segregation are important for reducing racial health inequities.

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法院下令取消种族隔离的终结与美国儿童的健康:准实验证据。
学校种族隔离严重影响了美国儿童健康的种族差异。近来,学校种族隔离现象日益严重,部分原因是最高法院自 1991 年以来做出的判决,这些判决使学区更容易从法院下令的取消种族隔离中解脱出来。我们利用 1997-2018 年的全国健康访谈调查(N=8,182 名黑人儿童和 16,930 名白人儿童),研究了法院下令解除隔离的结束与儿童健康之间的关系。我们采用差分法和事件研究法(包括传统估计法和异质性稳健估计法),利用学区解除法院命令时间上的准随机变化来估计对一般健康、体重、心理健康和哮喘的影响。异质性稳健差分分析表明,释放与学校隔离的增加、黑人儿童心理健康的改善以及白人儿童自我报告的健康状况的改善有关。在异质性稳健事件研究分析中,学校隔离在释放后随着时间的推移稳步增加,释放后 18 年以上的黑人儿童自我报告的健康状况更差,哮喘发作的风险更高。黑人儿童的心理健康在短期内暂时得到改善。相比之下,白人儿童的自我报告健康状况、心理健康和哮喘发作风险在某些年份有所改善。针对学校隔离危害的干预措施对于减少种族健康不平等现象非常重要。
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来源期刊
American journal of epidemiology
American journal of epidemiology 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
4.00%
发文量
221
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Epidemiology is the oldest and one of the premier epidemiologic journals devoted to the publication of empirical research findings, opinion pieces, and methodological developments in the field of epidemiologic research. It is a peer-reviewed journal aimed at both fellow epidemiologists and those who use epidemiologic data, including public health workers and clinicians.
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