Protecting against misinformation: Evaluating the effectiveness of three techniques to reduce memory conformity

IF 3.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY British journal of psychology Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI:10.1111/bjop.12712
Magdalena Kękuś, Regina Dziubańska, Kacper Michalak, Romuald Polczyk, Malwina Szpitalak, Krystian Barzykowski
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Abstract

The memory conformity effect occurs when people witness a given incident (e.g. a crime) then talk to each other about it, and the statement of one person affects the memory account of the other person with respect to this incident. The aim of this article is to improve the quality of witness testimony by verifying the effectiveness of three methods that aim to reduce memory conformity effect: (1) an extended warning against misinformation; (2) a method based on information about memory functioning and its fallibility and (3) a method consisting in motivating participants to resist influence and demonstrating their individual vulnerability to it. In the presented experiment, the innovative MORI technique was used to study the memory conformity effect. This technique allows a pair of participants to sit beside each other, look at the same screen and see a different version of the same criminal event. In the next stages, the subjects are asked to answer a series of questions about different details, thereby introducing mutual misinformation; then, the participants perform an individual memory test. In the experimental conditions, this test was preceded by one of the three tested methods in each group, with the aim of determining their effectiveness in reducing memory conformity. It turns out that the implementation of an extended warning against misinformation eliminated the memory conformity effect, while the application of two other methods led to a reduction (but not complete elimination) of the studied phenomenon.

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防止错误信息:评估减少记忆一致性的三种技术的有效性。
当人们目睹某一事件(如犯罪),然后相互谈论该事件,其中一人的陈述会影响另一人对该事件的记忆描述时,就会产生记忆一致效应。本文旨在通过验证三种旨在减少记忆一致性效应的方法的有效性来提高证人证词的质量:(1) 针对错误信息的扩展警告;(2) 基于记忆功能及其易错性信息的方法;(3) 激励参与者抵制影响并展示其个人易受影响程度的方法。在本实验中,使用了创新的 MORI 技术来研究记忆一致性效应。这种技术允许一对参与者坐在一起,看着同一个屏幕,看到同一犯罪事件的不同版本。在接下来的阶段,受试者被要求回答一系列有关不同细节的问题,从而引入相互的错误信息;然后,受试者进行个人记忆测试。在实验条件下,每组受试者在进行该测试之前都要先使用三种测试方法中的一种,目的是确定这些方法在减少记忆一致性方面的有效性。结果表明,针对错误信息的扩展警告消除了记忆一致性效应,而应用其他两种方法则导致了所研究现象的减少(但不是完全消除)。
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来源期刊
British journal of psychology
British journal of psychology PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
7.60
自引率
2.50%
发文量
67
期刊介绍: The British Journal of Psychology publishes original research on all aspects of general psychology including cognition; health and clinical psychology; developmental, social and occupational psychology. For information on specific requirements, please view Notes for Contributors. We attract a large number of international submissions each year which make major contributions across the range of psychology.
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