The Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Chunran Xue, Haojun Yu, Ye Sun, Xiying Wang, Xuzhong Pei, Yi Chen, Yangtai Guan
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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is a leading cause of disability in young adults. Most therapeutic strategies are based on immunosuppressant effects. However, none of the drugs showed complete remission and may result in serious adverse events such as infection. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained much attention and are considered a potential therapeutic strategy owing to their immunomodulatory effects and neuroprotective functions. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a classical animal model for MS, is widely used to explore the efficacy and mechanism of MSC transplantation. This review summarises the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of EAE, including the effects on immune cells (T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells) and central nervous system-resident cells (astroglia, microglia, oligodendrocytes, neurons) as well as various strategies to improve the efficacy of MSCs in the treatment of EAE. Additionally, we discuss the clinical application of MSCs for MS patients as well as the challenges and prospects of MSC transplantation.

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间充质干细胞治疗实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的机制。
多发性硬化症(MS)是中枢神经系统的一种炎症性脱髓鞘疾病,是导致青壮年残疾的主要原因。大多数治疗策略都基于免疫抑制作用。然而,没有一种药物能使病情完全缓解,而且可能导致感染等严重不良反应。间充质干细胞(MSCs)因其免疫调节作用和神经保护功能而备受关注,并被视为一种潜在的治疗策略。实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)是多发性硬化症的经典动物模型,被广泛用于探索间充质干细胞移植的疗效和机制。这篇综述总结了间充质干细胞治疗EAE的机制,包括对免疫细胞(T细胞、B细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞)和中枢神经系统驻留细胞(星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、神经元)的影响,以及提高间充质干细胞治疗EAE疗效的各种策略。此外,我们还讨论了间充质干细胞在多发性硬化症患者中的临床应用以及间充质干细胞移植所面临的挑战和前景。
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Effect of miR-98/IL-6/STAT3 on Autophagy and Apoptosis of Cardiac Stem Cells Under Hypoxic Conditions In vitro. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosome Regulates Intestinal Type 2 Immunity. Kartogenin Induces Chondrogenesis in Cartilage Progenitor Cells and Attenuates Cell Hypertrophy in Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells. The Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. The Role of Stem Cell Therapies in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.
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