Geography and health: role of human translocation and access to care.

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Infectious Diseases of Poverty Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI:10.1186/s40249-024-01205-4
Norbert Brattig, Robert Bergquist, Danielle Vienneau, Xiao-Nong Zhou
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Abstract

Natural, geographical barriers have historically limited the spread of communicable diseases. This is no longer the case in today's interconnected world, paired with its unprecedented environmental and climate change, emphasising the intersection of evolutionary biology, epidemiology and geography (i.e. biogeography). A total of 14 articles of the special issue entitled "Geography and health: role of human translocation and access to care" document enhanced disease transmission of diseases, such as malaria, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, COVID-19 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona 2) and Oropouche fever in spite of spatiotemporal surveillance. High-resolution satellite images can be used to understand spatial distributions of transmission risks and disease spread and to highlight the major avenue increasing the incidence and geographic range of zoonoses represented by spill-over transmission of coronaviruses from bats to pigs or civets. Climate change and globalization have increased the spread and establishment of invasive mosquitoes in non-tropical areas leading to emerging outbreaks of infections warranting improved physical, chemical and biological vector control strategies. The translocation of pathogens and their vectors is closely connected with human mobility, migration and the global transport of goods. Other contributing factors are deforestation with urbanization encroaching into wildlife zones. The destruction of natural ecosystems, coupled with low income and socioeconomic status, increase transmission probability of neglected tropical and zoonotic diseases. The articles in this special issue document emerging or re-emerging diseases and surveillance of fever symptoms. Health equity is intricately connected to accessibility to health care and the targeting of healthcare resources, necessitating a spatial approach. Public health comprises successful disease management integrating spatial surveillance systems, including access to sanitation facilities. Antimicrobial resistance caused, e.g. by increased use of antibiotics in health, agriculture and aquaculture, or acquisition of resistance genes, can be spread by horizontal gene transfer. This editorial reviews the key findings of this 14-article special issue, identifies important gaps relevant to our interconnected world and makes a number of specific recommendations to mitigate the transmission risks of infectious diseases in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

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地理与健康:人类迁移和获得医疗服务的作用。
历史上,自然和地理障碍限制了传染病的传播。在当今这个相互联系的世界中,这种情况已不复存在,再加上前所未有的环境和气候变化,强调了进化生物学、流行病学和地理学(即生物地理学)之间的交叉。在题为 "地理与健康:人类迁移的作用和获得护理的机会 "的特刊中,共有 14 篇文章记录了疟疾、利什曼病、血吸虫病、COVID-19(严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2)和奥罗普切热等疾病的传播,尽管有时空监测。高分辨率卫星图像可用于了解传播风险和疾病传播的空间分布情况,并强调冠状病毒从蝙蝠向猪或果子狸的溢出传播是增加人畜共患病发病率和地理范围的主要途径。气候变化和全球化加剧了入侵蚊虫在非热带地区的传播和定居,导致新出现的传染病爆发,需要改进物理、化学和生物病媒控制策略。病原体及其病媒的转移与人类的流动、迁移和全球货物运输密切相关。其他促成因素包括森林砍伐和城市化侵蚀野生动物区。自然生态系统遭到破坏,再加上低收入和社会经济地位低下,增加了被忽视的热带病和人畜共患病的传播几率。本特刊中的文章记录了新出现或再次出现的疾病以及对发热症状的监测。健康公平与医疗保健的可及性和医疗保健资源的针对性密切相关,因此有必要采用空间方法。公共卫生包括整合空间监测系统的成功疾病管理,包括卫生设施的使用。抗生素耐药性是由卫生、农业和水产养殖业中抗生素使用量的增加或耐药性基因的获得等因素造成的,可通过水平基因转移进行传播。这篇社论回顾了本特刊 14 篇文章的主要研究成果,指出了与我们这个相互联系的世界相关的重要差距,并提出了一些具体建议,以降低后 COVID-19 大流行时代的传染病传播风险。
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来源期刊
Infectious Diseases of Poverty
Infectious Diseases of Poverty INFECTIOUS DISEASES-
自引率
1.20%
发文量
368
期刊介绍: Infectious Diseases of Poverty is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on addressing essential public health questions related to infectious diseases of poverty. The journal covers a wide range of topics including the biology of pathogens and vectors, diagnosis and detection, treatment and case management, epidemiology and modeling, zoonotic hosts and animal reservoirs, control strategies and implementation, new technologies and application. It also considers the transdisciplinary or multisectoral effects on health systems, ecohealth, environmental management, and innovative technology. The journal aims to identify and assess research and information gaps that hinder progress towards new interventions for public health problems in the developing world. Additionally, it provides a platform for discussing these issues to advance research and evidence building for improved public health interventions in poor settings.
期刊最新文献
Role of social innovations in health in the prevention and control of infectious diseases: a scoping review. Approaching onchocerciasis elimination in Equatorial Guinea: Near zero transmission and public health implication. Global burden associated with rare infectious diseases of poverty in 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. One-year impact of behavioural interventions on schistosomiasis-related knowledge, attitude and practices of primary schoolchildren in Pemba, Tanzania. Establishing a dominant early larval sex-selection strain in the Asian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi.
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