Mostafa Mahmoud Meshref , Abdullah Ashraf Hamad , Amira Mohammed Taha , Yahia Nabil , Ahmed Hassan , Ahmed Samir Farw , Mohamed Elmasry , Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
{"title":"Herpes simplex viral encephalitis with acute memory impairment and low cellular cerebrospinal fluid: A case report with systematic review literature","authors":"Mostafa Mahmoud Meshref , Abdullah Ashraf Hamad , Amira Mohammed Taha , Yahia Nabil , Ahmed Hassan , Ahmed Samir Farw , Mohamed Elmasry , Abdulqadir J. Nashwan","doi":"10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01981","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSVE) is a potentially fatal infectious central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Thus, early detection is critical in determining the case's fate. Clinical history and examination, brain computed tomography, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and lumbar puncture have been used to establish a diagnosis. This report describes a case of HSVE with hypocellular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and an uncommon form of memory impairment. However, MRI results were consistent with HSVE, and CSF PCR tested positive for HSV-1 DNA that responded to treatment. We routinely advise patients to begin antiviral therapy as soon as possible to avoid complications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47045,"journal":{"name":"IDCases","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article e01981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221425092400057X/pdfft?md5=8a1c93a03086944d91e0224e8a4457ba&pid=1-s2.0-S221425092400057X-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IDCases","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221425092400057X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSVE) is a potentially fatal infectious central nervous system (CNS) disorder. Thus, early detection is critical in determining the case's fate. Clinical history and examination, brain computed tomography, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), and lumbar puncture have been used to establish a diagnosis. This report describes a case of HSVE with hypocellular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and an uncommon form of memory impairment. However, MRI results were consistent with HSVE, and CSF PCR tested positive for HSV-1 DNA that responded to treatment. We routinely advise patients to begin antiviral therapy as soon as possible to avoid complications.
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