{"title":"Morphofunctional characteristics оs penis of mammals","authors":"N. Shevlyuk","doi":"10.17816/morph.629340","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \nThe aim of this work was to analyze the issues of the morphofunctional organization of the baculum (os penis) of mammals. In many mammals, to give strength and density to the organ, bone tissue is present in the penis, which forms the bone of the penis (os penis or baculum). This structure is evolutionarily young; it is present only in representatives of the evolutionarily youngest class of vertebrates - the class of mammals. The baculum is present in the penis of both marsupials and representatives of the orders of placental mammals (many rodents, some chiropterans, pinnipeds, cetaceans, some predators, prosimians and some monkeys). Bone tissue is usually located in the anterior region of the penis between the cavernous and spongy bodies. \nThe baculum is an unpaired bone of an elongated shape; it can have the shape of a rod or plate, straight or curved. In cross-section, in representatives of different species, the bone can be round, square, triangular, or flat. Most often, the baculum is a cylindrical rod, expanded at the base and apex; in the proximal and distal parts there are outgrowths of various shapes. The histogenesis of bone tissue during the formation of the os penis in embryogenesis occurs via indirect osteogenesis. At the site of the future os penis, a cartilaginous model is formed from the mesenchyme, in place of which bone tissue then develops. The basis of the baculum is formed by lamellar bone tissue, in which osteons are well expressed. In the superficial zones of the baculum, coarse fibrous (reticulofibrous) bone tissue, as well as fibrous cartilaginous tissue, was identified. The baculum has been found to increase the overall rigidity of the penis when flexing during copulation. It was revealed that larger baculums are present in mammals, which are characterized by a longer duration of copulation.","PeriodicalId":51849,"journal":{"name":"Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Morphology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.629340","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"0","JCRName":"LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to analyze the issues of the morphofunctional organization of the baculum (os penis) of mammals. In many mammals, to give strength and density to the organ, bone tissue is present in the penis, which forms the bone of the penis (os penis or baculum). This structure is evolutionarily young; it is present only in representatives of the evolutionarily youngest class of vertebrates - the class of mammals. The baculum is present in the penis of both marsupials and representatives of the orders of placental mammals (many rodents, some chiropterans, pinnipeds, cetaceans, some predators, prosimians and some monkeys). Bone tissue is usually located in the anterior region of the penis between the cavernous and spongy bodies.
The baculum is an unpaired bone of an elongated shape; it can have the shape of a rod or plate, straight or curved. In cross-section, in representatives of different species, the bone can be round, square, triangular, or flat. Most often, the baculum is a cylindrical rod, expanded at the base and apex; in the proximal and distal parts there are outgrowths of various shapes. The histogenesis of bone tissue during the formation of the os penis in embryogenesis occurs via indirect osteogenesis. At the site of the future os penis, a cartilaginous model is formed from the mesenchyme, in place of which bone tissue then develops. The basis of the baculum is formed by lamellar bone tissue, in which osteons are well expressed. In the superficial zones of the baculum, coarse fibrous (reticulofibrous) bone tissue, as well as fibrous cartilaginous tissue, was identified. The baculum has been found to increase the overall rigidity of the penis when flexing during copulation. It was revealed that larger baculums are present in mammals, which are characterized by a longer duration of copulation.
期刊介绍：
Aim The aim of Morphology is to publish high quality articles that contribute to the further articulation of morphological theory and linguistic theory in general, or present new and unexplored data. Relevant empirical evidence for the theoretical claims in the articles will be provided by in-depth analyses of specific languages or by comparative, cross-linguistic analyses of the relevant facts. The sources of data can be grammatical descriptions, corpora of data concerning language use and other naturalistic data, and experiments. Scope Morphology publishes articles on morphology proper, as well as articles on the interaction of morphology with phonology, syntax, and semantics, the acquisition and processing of morphological information, the nature of the mental lexicon, and morphological variation and change. Its main focus is on formal models of morphological knowledge, morphological typology (the range and limits of variation in natural languages), the position of morphology in the architecture of the human language faculty, and the evolution and change of language. In addition, the journal deals with the acquisition of morphological knowledge and its role in language processing. Articles on computational morphology and neurolinguistic approaches to morphology are also welcome. The first volume of Morphology appeared as Volume 16 (2006). Previous volumes were published under the title Yearbook of Morphology.
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