Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Mpox (Monkeypox): An Early Surveillance Tool for Detecting Hotspots

IF 6.4 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Current Pollution Reports Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI:10.1007/s40726-024-00299-6

Md. Aminul Islam, Rakesh Kumar, Prabhakar Sharma, Shuxin Zhang, Prosun Bhattacharya, Ananda Tiwari

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

This study aims to review recent literature reporting wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) with a major focus on sample collection, processing, and public health safety issues.

Recent Findings

Various studies revealed the presence of MPXV genetic markers in sewage, wastewater treatment plants, and drainage systems of hospitals in multiple countries.

Summary

Mpox (formally monkeypox) has been identified in more than a hundred countries, confirming at least 93,937 cases from 06 May 2022 to 03 February 2024. The MPXV, the causative agent for mpox, is a zoonotic virus having genome DNA. Major symptoms of the disease are rash, fever, headache, and chills with lymph pain. It has about a 10% case fatality rate, without any approved vaccine, but researchers are investigating the development of therapeutic vaccines. The virus DNA signature has been long reported in urine, stool, saliva, semen, and spit samples of clinical patients, make feasible for tracking the virus in wastewater. Furthermore, recent studies have reported MPXV DNA from environmental samples. As MPXV is a zoonotic virus with possible multiple hosts (e.g., small mammals and rodents), their detection in environmental samples might indicate the possible circulation of the virus including non-human hosts. The persistence of the infective virus particles in the ambient environment has not been fully investigated. Also, their possible risks of transmission through the contaminated milieu are unknown. The WBS can be an effective tool for identifying their hotspots and trends in communities.

Graphical Abstract

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基于废水的猴痘监测：检测热点地区的早期监测工具

综述本研究旨在综述近期报道基于废水的猴痘病毒（MPXV）监测（WBS）的文献，重点关注样本收集、处理和公共卫生安全问题。摘要从 2022 年 5 月 6 日到 2024 年 2 月 3 日，已有一百多个国家发现了猴痘（正式名称为猴痘），确诊病例至少 93,937 例。天花的病原体MPXV是一种具有基因组DNA的人畜共患病毒。该病的主要症状是皮疹、发烧、头痛和发冷，伴有淋巴疼痛。这种疾病的病死率约为 10%，目前还没有获得批准的疫苗，但研究人员正在研究开发治疗性疫苗。长期以来，在临床患者的尿液、粪便、唾液、精液和唾液样本中都有病毒 DNA 特征的报道，因此可以在废水中追踪病毒。此外，最近的研究还发现了环境样本中的 MPXV DNA。由于 MPXV 是一种人畜共患病毒，可能有多个宿主（如小型哺乳动物和啮齿动物），在环境样本中检测到它们可能表明病毒可能在非人类宿主中流通。感染性病毒颗粒在环境中的持久性尚未得到充分研究。此外，它们通过污染环境传播的可能风险也不得而知。WBS 可以作为一种有效的工具，用于确定其在社区中的热点和趋势。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Pollution Reports Environmental Science-Water Science and Technology

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

1.40%

发文量

期刊介绍： Current Pollution Reports provides in-depth review articles contributed by international experts on the most significant developments in the field of environmental pollution.By presenting clear, insightful, balanced reviews that emphasize recently published papers of major importance, the journal elucidates current and emerging approaches to identification, characterization, treatment, management of pollutants and much more.