Aging Brain from a Lifespan Perspective.

Anders Martin Fjell
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Abstract

Research during the last two decades has shown that the brain undergoes continuous changes throughout life, with substantial heterogeneity in age trajectories between regions. Especially, temporal and prefrontal cortices show large changes, and these correlate modestly with changes in the corresponding cognitive abilities such as episodic memory and executive function. Changes seen in normal aging overlap with changes seen in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease; differences between what reflects normal aging vs. a disease-related change are often blurry. This calls for a dimensional view on cognitive decline in aging, where clear-cut distinctions between normality and pathology cannot be always drawn. Although much progress has been made in describing typical patterns of age-related changes in the brain, identifying risk and protective factors, and mapping cognitive correlates, there are still limits to our knowledge that should be addressed by future research. We need more longitudinal studies following the same participants over longer time intervals with cognitive testing and brain imaging, and an increased focus on the representativeness vs. selection bias in neuroimaging research of aging.

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从生命周期的角度看大脑老化。
过去二十年的研究表明,大脑在人的一生中会发生持续的变化,不同区域的年龄轨迹具有很大的异质性。特别是颞叶和前额叶皮层出现了巨大变化,这些变化与相应认知能力(如外显记忆和执行功能)的变化略有关联。正常衰老中出现的变化与阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病中出现的变化重叠;反映正常衰老与疾病相关变化之间的区别往往很模糊。这就需要从多个维度来看待衰老过程中的认知功能衰退,因为正常与病理之间并不总是有明确的区别。尽管在描述大脑与年龄相关变化的典型模式、识别风险和保护因素以及绘制认知相关性图谱方面已经取得了很大进展,但我们的知识仍然存在局限性,需要通过未来的研究加以解决。我们需要进行更多的纵向研究,在更长的时间间隔内对同一参与者进行认知测试和脑成像,并更加关注老龄化神经成像研究中的代表性偏差与选择偏差。
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来源期刊
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences Neuroscience-Behavioral Neuroscience
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
103
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