Predictive Value of Nutrition and Inflammation-Related Indices on Prognosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronavirus Disease-2019.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate how the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) help predict the severity and prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 501 T2DM patients (male, 42.1%; female, 57.9%) who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 between April 2020 and December 2020. The patients were divided into survivors and non-survivors. After comparing demographic and laboratory data between the groups, the correlation of PNI and SII with clinical and laboratory data was evaluated.

Results: The median (interquartile) ages of the non-survivor and survivor groups were 74 (15) and 69 (14) years, respectively, and the difference was significant (p<0.001). The PNI was significantly lower in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group (p<0.001). The SII was significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group (p<0.001). PNI was negatively correlated with glucose levels (r=-0.115, p=0.011). If the cut-off PNI value of 29.1 was used, it had a sensitivity and specificity of 76.2% and 76.3%, respectively, in predicting the severity of the illness and the risk of death in T2DM patients.

Conclusion: Consequently, the PNI and SII levels are effective in predicting survival and disease severity in patients with COVID-19 and T2DM.