Geographic range and minimum infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Manitoba, Canada from 1995 to 2017

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Zoonoses and Public Health Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI:10.1111/zph.13159

Cheryl Pei Zhen Foo, Catherine Gayle Sutcliffe, Antonia Dibernardo, Leslie Robbin Lindsay

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Abstract

Introduction

The expanding geographical range of blacklegged ticks (BLTs), Ixodes scapularis, and its ability to transmit Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi poses an emerging public health risk. Our study determined the geographic distribution and the minimum infection rate (MIR) of B. burgdorferi-, A. phagocytophilum-, Ba. microti-, and B. miyamotoi-infected BLTs in Manitoba submitted to the Public Health Agency of Canada's passive tick surveillance programme from 1995 to 2017.

Methods

Regression models were used to test the association of the MIR by year for each pathogen. Ticks were tested using PCR for B. burgdorferi since 1995, A. phagocytophilum since 2006, and Ba. microti and B. miyamotoi since 2013. The global positioning system coordinates of infected and uninfected ticks submitted during the surveillance period were plotted on a map of Manitoba using ArcGIS Pro version 3.1.2 to detect changes in the geographic distribution of ticks over time.

Results

The overall MIR for B. burgdorferi was 139.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 129.0–150.5) per 1000 BLTs; however, it varied over time. After remaining stable from 1995 to 2005, the MIR increased by 12.1 per 1000 BLTs per year from 2005 to 2017 (95% CI: 7.0%–17.2%, p-value <0.01). The geographic distribution of B. burgdorferi-infected BLTs was centred around Winnipeg, Manitoba, and spread outward from this locality. The MIRs of A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and B. miyamotoi were 44.8 per 1000 BLTs (95% CI: 38.1–51.6), 10.8 (95% CI: 6.6–15.0), and 5.2 (95% CI: 2.3–8.1) per 1000 BLTs, respectively, and showed no significant change over time.

Conclusion

Passive surveillance revealed the presence of A. phagocytophilum-, Ba. microti-, and B. miyamotoi-infected BLTs in southern Manitoba and revealed an increased risk of exposure to B. burgdorferi-infected BLTs due to the increasing geographic range and MIR.

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1995 年至 2017 年加拿大马尼托巴省弓形虫（Acari: Ixodidae）蜱中包柔氏包虫病、噬胞嗜血无形体（Anaplasma phagocytophilum）、细小巴贝西亚原虫（Babesia microti）和宫本包柔氏包虫病的地理分布范围和最低感染率。

导言：黑腿蜱（Ixodes scapularis）的地理分布范围不断扩大，其传播勃氏包柔氏菌（Borrelia burgdorferi）、噬细胞无形体（Anaplasma phagocytophilum）、细小巴贝西亚原虫（Babesia microti）和宫本氏包柔氏菌（Borrelia miyamotoi）的能力对公共健康构成了新的威胁。我们的研究确定了 1995 年至 2017 年期间马尼托巴省提交给加拿大公共卫生署被动蜱虫监测计划的布氏杆菌、噬细胞嗜血杆菌、微小巴氏杆菌和宫本氏杆菌感染的 BLT 的地理分布和最低感染率（MIR）：方法：使用回归模型来检验每种病原体的MIR与年份的关联性。自 1995 年以来，使用 PCR 对蜱虫进行了 B. burgdorferi 检测；自 2006 年以来，使用 PCR 对噬菌体进行了 A. phagocytophilum 检测；自 2013 年以来，使用 PCR 对 Ba. microti 和 B. miyamotoi 进行了检测。使用 ArcGIS Pro 3.1.2 版将监测期间提交的受感染和未感染蜱虫的全球定位系统坐标绘制在马尼托巴省地图上，以检测蜱虫地理分布随时间的变化：结果：布氏杆菌的总体MIR为每1000个BLT中139.7个（95%置信区间[CI]：129.0-150.5），但随着时间的推移而变化。在 1995 年至 2005 年期间保持稳定之后，2005 年至 2017 年期间，每 1000 个无菌水箱的 MIR 每年增加了 12.1（95% CI：7.0%-17.2%，P 值结论）：被动监测显示，马尼托巴省南部存在噬细胞嗜血杆菌、微小芽孢杆菌和宫本芽孢杆菌感染的BLT，并且由于地理范围和MIR的增加，暴露于B. burgdorferi感染的BLT的风险增加。

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来源期刊

Zoonoses and Public Health 医学-传染病学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

4.20%

发文量

115

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Zoonoses and Public Health brings together veterinary and human health researchers and policy-makers by providing a venue for publishing integrated and global approaches to zoonoses and public health. The Editors will consider papers that focus on timely collaborative and multi-disciplinary research in zoonoses and public health. This journal provides rapid publication of original papers, reviews, and potential discussion papers embracing this collaborative spirit. Papers should advance the scientific knowledge of the sources, transmission, prevention and control of zoonoses and be authored by scientists with expertise in areas such as microbiology, virology, parasitology and epidemiology. Articles that incorporate recent data into new methods, applications, or approaches (e.g. statistical modeling) which enhance public health are strongly encouraged.