Fructose-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane/Poly (Sodium Acrylate) Hydrogels: Design, Synthesis and Environmental Applications

IF 4.7 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of Polymers and the Environment Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI:10.1007/s10924-024-03317-2
Pooja Singh, Raminder Kaur
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Abstract

Conventional methods for synthesising polyurethane hydrogels encompass toxic isocyanates and organic solvents, limiting their eco-friendliness and ease of synthesis. In response, this study introduces an innovative approach to synthesising fructose-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) hydrogel (FNHG), eliminating the need for isocyanates. Initially, fructose-based NIPU (FNPU) was synthesised using dimethyl carbonate and hexamethylene diamine under mild reaction conditions, paving the way for a greener polyurethane variant. Subsequently, a free radical polymerization technique was employed in an aqueous medium. This process allowed for the integration of poly(sodium acrylate), and N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, leading to to the development of FNHG. Remarkably short gelation time of just 30 min at 60 ℃ was achieved, signifying a significant advancement in the synthesis process. The synthesized NIPU-based hydrogels exhibited outstanding efficiency in the removal of crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG) dyes from aqueous media. With an impressive removal efficiency of 96.87% for CV and an astounding 99.8% for MG, these hydrogels demonstrated high effectiveness in remediation efforts. The study’s novelty lies in both the synthesis methodology, utilising FNPU, and the exceptional efficiency exhibited by these hydrogels in eliminating diverse dyes from contaminated water. Furthermore, the structure of FNPU was confirmed using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, adding robustness to our findings. This research not only presents a solution to the limitations of traditional polyurethane synthesis but also demonstrates the potential of fructose-based NIPU hydrogels (FNHG) as eco-friendly and efficient agents for water purification.

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果糖基非异氰酸酯聚氨酯/聚(丙烯酸钠)水凝胶:设计、合成和环境应用
合成聚氨酯水凝胶的传统方法包含有毒的异氰酸酯和有机溶剂,限制了其生态友好性和合成的简易性。为此,本研究介绍了一种合成果糖基非异氰酸酯聚氨酯(NIPU)水凝胶(FNHG)的创新方法,无需使用异氰酸酯。最初,使用碳酸二甲酯和六亚甲基二胺在温和的反应条件下合成了果糖基 NIPU(FNPU),为生产更环保的聚氨酯变体铺平了道路。随后,在水介质中采用了自由基聚合技术。这一工艺将聚(丙烯酸钠)和 N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺结合在一起,开发出了 FNHG。在 60 ℃ 的条件下,凝胶化时间仅为 30 分钟,大大缩短了凝胶化时间,这标志着合成工艺取得了重大进展。合成的 NIPU 基水凝胶在去除水介质中的结晶紫(CV)和孔雀石绿(MG)染料方面表现出卓越的效率。这些水凝胶对 CV 和 MG 的去除率分别达到了 96.87% 和 99.8% 的惊人水平,证明了其在修复工作中的高效性。这项研究的新颖之处在于利用 FNPU 进行合成的方法,以及这些水凝胶在去除受污染水中的各种染料方面所表现出的卓越效率。此外,傅立叶变换红外光谱和 1H NMR 光谱证实了 FNPU 的结构,为我们的研究结果增添了可靠性。这项研究不仅解决了传统聚氨酯合成的局限性,还证明了果糖基 NIPU 水凝胶(FNHG)作为环保、高效的水净化剂的潜力。
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来源期刊
Journal of Polymers and the Environment
Journal of Polymers and the Environment 工程技术-高分子科学
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
7.50%
发文量
297
审稿时长
9 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Polymers and the Environment fills the need for an international forum in this diverse and rapidly expanding field. The journal serves a crucial role for the publication of information from a wide range of disciplines and is a central outlet for the publication of high-quality peer-reviewed original papers, review articles and short communications. The journal is intentionally interdisciplinary in regard to contributions and covers the following subjects - polymers, environmentally degradable polymers, and degradation pathways: biological, photochemical, oxidative and hydrolytic; new environmental materials: derived by chemical and biosynthetic routes; environmental blends and composites; developments in processing and reactive processing of environmental polymers; characterization of environmental materials: mechanical, physical, thermal, rheological, morphological, and others; recyclable polymers and plastics recycling environmental testing: in-laboratory simulations, outdoor exposures, and standardization of methodologies; environmental fate: end products and intermediates of biodegradation; microbiology and enzymology of polymer biodegradation; solid-waste management and public legislation specific to environmental polymers; and other related topics.
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