{"title":"Environment and arthritis.","authors":"Francesca Ruzzon, Giovanni Adami","doi":"10.55563/clinexprheumatol/z7lkua","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present narrative review explores the multifactorial aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other immunemediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs), emphasising the significant role of various environmental factors in disease development and exacerbation. Key modifiable environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and air pollution are identified as major contributors to RA. We will also focus on the influence of weather, seasonality, and particularly vitamin D levels, on RA activity, suggesting potential for seasonal management and supplementation to mitigate disease severity. The emerging role of diet and the gut microbiome in RA pathogenesis and progression is discussed as well, with dietary interventions and specific nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids offering protective benefits against inflammation. Despite the mounting evidence around these factors, further research is needed, to better understand the clinical impacts on RA, including well-designed randomised clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":10274,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and experimental rheumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical and experimental rheumatology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.55563/clinexprheumatol/z7lkua","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/6/3 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"RHEUMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The present narrative review explores the multifactorial aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other immunemediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs), emphasising the significant role of various environmental factors in disease development and exacerbation. Key modifiable environmental factors such as cigarette smoking and air pollution are identified as major contributors to RA. We will also focus on the influence of weather, seasonality, and particularly vitamin D levels, on RA activity, suggesting potential for seasonal management and supplementation to mitigate disease severity. The emerging role of diet and the gut microbiome in RA pathogenesis and progression is discussed as well, with dietary interventions and specific nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids offering protective benefits against inflammation. Despite the mounting evidence around these factors, further research is needed, to better understand the clinical impacts on RA, including well-designed randomised clinical trials.
本综述探讨了类风湿性关节炎(RA)和其他免疫性炎症性疾病(IMIDs)的多因素病因学,强调了各种环境因素在疾病发展和恶化中的重要作用。吸烟和空气污染等主要可改变的环境因素被认为是导致类风湿性关节炎的主要因素。我们还将重点关注天气、季节性,尤其是维生素 D 水平对 RA 活动的影响,这表明季节性管理和补充剂有可能减轻疾病的严重程度。此外,我们还将讨论饮食和肠道微生物组在 RA 发病和病情发展中的新作用,饮食干预和特定营养素(如欧米茄-3 脂肪酸)对炎症具有保护作用。尽管围绕这些因素的证据越来越多,但仍需进一步研究,以更好地了解其对RA的临床影响,包括精心设计的随机临床试验。
期刊介绍:
Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology is a bi-monthly international peer-reviewed journal which has been covering all clinical, experimental and translational aspects of musculoskeletal, arthritic and connective tissue diseases since 1983.