Effects of aerosols on the lifecycle of a mesoscale cloud cluster over the Indian peninsula: A numerical study with a bin-based cloud microphysics scheme

IF 1.8 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI:10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106265
Soumya Samanta , Gayatri Kulkarni , P. Murugavel , P. Suneetha , Thara V. Prabha
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Abstract

The effects of aerosols (i.e., CCN) on the lifecycle of a well-documented mesoscale cloud cluster (CC) over the Indian peninsula are investigated in this study. The WRF model coupled with a sophisticated spectral bin microphysics scheme is employed to simulate the observed cloud system under various CCN scenarios. The CCN sensitivity experiments were carried out using three different background CCN concentrations (250, 1000, and 3000 cm−3). The prevailing environment featured a relatively dry mid-level. The introduction of more aerosols weakened the convection and moistened the upper troposphere in the initiation and mature phases. The major impacts of the enhanced aerosols include the dissipation of shallow clouds, a decrease in the number of convective cells and their overall coverage, enhanced convective organization in the early phase(s) of the lifecycle, enhancement of the cloud-free area, etc. The key microphysical changes due to enhanced aerosols are the increase in cloud liquid water, presence of numerous smaller cloud droplets, enhancement of condensation and evaporation, formation of smaller ice crystals, reduced snow mass and reduction in the aggregation process, high graupel mass and number and a reduction in graupel size, fewer raindrops with slight enhancement in raindrop size, etc. Cloud growth is significantly limited in the high aerosol scenarios due to large evaporation favored by a relatively dry environment and no invigoration effect is noted. A significant reduction in the rainfall (and associated rainfall-type) from isolated convective cores is noted due to high aerosols, especially in the initiation and mature phases. The eventual impact on the surface precipitation is a decrease in overall rainfall in the enhanced aerosol scenarios, with suppression of heavy rain. The study indicates that in a dry environment, the microphysical changes in various CCN scenarios cumulatively lead to macrophysical changes, which are found to be the primary controller of the overall surface rainfall associated with the CC.

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气溶胶对印度半岛上空中尺度云团生命周期的影响:基于分区的云微观物理方案的数值研究
本研究调查了气溶胶(即 CCN)对印度半岛上空有据可查的中尺度云团(CC)生命周期的影响。WRF 模型与复杂的光谱分区微物理方案相结合,模拟了各种 CCN 情景下的观测云系统。CCN 敏感性实验采用了三种不同的背景 CCN 浓度(250、1000 和 3000 cm-3)。当时的环境是相对干燥的中层大气。更多气溶胶的引入削弱了对流,并使对流层上层在开始阶段和成熟阶段变得湿润。气溶胶增加的主要影响包括浅层云的消散、对流单元数量及其总体覆盖范围的减少、生命周期早期对流组织的增强、无云区域的扩大等。气溶胶增强导致的主要微物理变化是:云液态水增加、出现大量更小的云滴、冷凝和蒸发增强、形成更小的冰晶、雪量减少和聚集过程减弱、粒砾质量和数量增加和粒砾尺寸减小、雨滴减少但雨滴尺寸略有增大等。在高气溶胶情景下,由于相对干燥的环境有利于大量蒸发,云的生长受到了很大限制,而且没有明显的增温效果。由于高气溶胶,特别是在开始和成熟阶段,孤立对流核心的降雨量(以及相关的降雨类型)明显减少。对地表降水的最终影响是,在气溶胶增强的情况下,总体降雨量减少,大雨受到抑制。研究表明,在干燥环境中,各种 CCN 情景下的微观物理变化会累积导致宏观物理变化,而宏观物理变化是与 CC 相关的总体地表降雨量的主要控制因素。
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来源期刊
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.30%
发文量
95
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (JASTP) is an international journal concerned with the inter-disciplinary science of the Earth''s atmospheric and space environment, especially the highly varied and highly variable physical phenomena that occur in this natural laboratory and the processes that couple them. The journal covers the physical processes operating in the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionosphere, magnetosphere, the Sun, interplanetary medium, and heliosphere. Phenomena occurring in other "spheres", solar influences on climate, and supporting laboratory measurements are also considered. The journal deals especially with the coupling between the different regions. Solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and other energetic events on the Sun create interesting and important perturbations in the near-Earth space environment. The physics of such "space weather" is central to the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics and the journal welcomes papers that lead in the direction of a predictive understanding of the coupled system. Regarding the upper atmosphere, the subjects of aeronomy, geomagnetism and geoelectricity, auroral phenomena, radio wave propagation, and plasma instabilities, are examples within the broad field of solar-terrestrial physics which emphasise the energy exchange between the solar wind, the magnetospheric and ionospheric plasmas, and the neutral gas. In the lower atmosphere, topics covered range from mesoscale to global scale dynamics, to atmospheric electricity, lightning and its effects, and to anthropogenic changes.
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