Red dichromatic imaging and linked color imaging as reliable image-enhanced endoscopic procedures for detecting the distal end of the palisade vessels in the columnar metaplastic mucosa of the gastroesophageal junction zone.

Abstract

Background: There is a consensus that identifying the distal end of the palisade vessels (DEPV) is important for diagnosing gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). However, optimum observation methods have not been established. This study investigated the use of effective image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) for DEPV detection.

Methods: One hundred endoscopic images in 20 cases of columnar metaplastic mucosa of the GEJ recorded with white-light imaging (Olympus-WLI and Fujifilm-WLI) and IEEs (narrow-band imaging; RDI1/2/3, red dichromatic imaging; texture and color enhancement imaging 1/2; blue-laser imaging; and LCI, linked color imaging) from two manufacturers were extracted and evaluated by 10 evaluators. Up to 24 radial straight lines from the center of the lumen were placed on the image, and the evaluators placed markings according to confidence level (high, low, and not detectable) at the DEPV locations. The detectability and reproducibility at the rate of the confidence level and coefficient of variance of markings among the evaluator were analyzed.

Results: In total, 15,180 markings were obtained. In terms of detectability, RDI1 (49.4%), RDI2 (53.0%), RDI3 (54.1%), TXI2 (49.7%), and LCI (34.6%) had a significantly higher rate of high confidence among the IEEs in each manufacturer. By contrast, Olympus-WLI (40.6%), Fujifilm-WLI (17.6%), narrow-band imaging (15.9%), and blue laser imaging (9.8%) presented with a significantly lower rates of high confidence. Regarding reproducibility, RDI3 and LCI had the lowest coefficient of variance for each manufacturer.

Conclusions: RDI and LCI could be reliable modalities for detecting DEPVs in the columnar metaplastic mucosa of the GEJ zone.