Specific Features of the Pool of Hydrolytic Enzymes in Soils of Agricultural Terraces in the Eastern Caucasus

IF 1.4 4区农林科学 Q4 SOIL SCIENCE Eurasian Soil Science Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI:10.1134/s1064229324600076

E. V. Chernysheva, F. Fornasier

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Abstract

A study of the influence of farming practices in the Middle Ages (X–XV AD) on the activities of 11 hydrolytic enzymes involved in the biogeochemical cycles of major elements in soils has been carried out. Agrostratozems of Medieval agricultural terraces in Dagestan mountains (Plaggic and Hortic Anthrosols) were chosen as objects of study. In all cases, the enzymatic activity of the studied soils decreased in all soil layers in the following sequence: alkaline phosphatase > phosphodiesterase > acid phosphatase > pyrophosphatase ≥ leucine aminopeptidase > arylsulfatase > chitinase > β-glucosidase > xylanase > α-glucosidase > cellobiohydrolase. The enzymatic activity of the studied soils was primarily determined by the amount of microbial biomass (C_mic). Thus, the activity of enzymes of various groups depended on C_mic by 61–94%. Agricultural practices associated with ploughing, manuring, and irrigation induce the convergence in the activity of nitrogen cycle enzymes in soils of the mountain zone, which is associated with similar features of the nitrogen cycle in agrogenic soils, regardless of bioclimatic conditions. The addition of organic materials has led to an increase in the physiological efficiency of microbial communities and the rate of enzyme production, and high levels of biological activity can persist in soil for about 1000 years. Ploughing with the application of organic fertilizers in the past led to an increase in enzymatic activity expressed per unit of microbial biomass (specific activity), therefore, this indicator can be used as an indicator of agrogenic transformation of soils in the past.

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东高加索农业梯田土壤中水解酶池的具体特征

摘要研究了中世纪（公元 X-XV 年）耕作方式对参与土壤中主要元素生物地球化学循环的 11 种水解酶活动的影响。研究对象选择了达吉斯坦山区中世纪农业梯田的农层（Plaggic 和 Hortic Anthrosols）。在所有情况下，所研究土壤的酶活性在所有土层中均按以下顺序下降：碱性磷酸酶；磷酸二酯酶；酸性磷酸酶；焦磷酸酶≥亮氨酸氨肽酶；芳基硫酸酯酶；几丁质酶；β-葡萄糖苷酶；木聚糖酶；α-葡萄糖苷酶；纤维生物水解酶。所研究土壤的酶活性主要取决于微生物生物量（Cmic）。因此，各组酶的活性取决于 Cmic 的 61-94%。与犁耕、施肥和灌溉有关的农业实践导致山区土壤中氮循环酶的活性趋同，这与农化土壤中氮循环的类似特征有关，与生物气候条件无关。有机物的添加提高了微生物群落的生理效率和酶的生产率，高水平的生物活性可在土壤中持续约 1000 年。过去在耕地时施用有机肥会导致以单位微生物生物量表示的酶活性（比活性）增加，因此，这一指标可用作过去土壤农化改造的指标。

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来源期刊

Eurasian Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

35.70%

发文量

137

审稿时长

12-24 weeks

期刊介绍： Eurasian Soil Science publishes original research papers on global and regional studies discussing both theoretical and experimental problems of genesis, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, fertility, management, conservation, and remediation of soils. Special sections are devoted to current news in the life of the International and Russian soil science societies and to the history of soil sciences. Since 2000, the journal Agricultural Chemistry, the English version of the journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences Agrokhimiya, has been merged into the journal Eurasian Soil Science and is no longer published as a separate title.