Design, fabrication, and clinical characterization of additively manufactured tantalum hip joint prosthesis

Abstract

The joint prosthesis plays a vital role in the outcome of total hip arthroplasty. The key factors that determine the performance of joint prostheses are the materials used and the structural design of the prosthesis. This study aimed to fabricate a porous tantalum (Ta) hip prosthesis using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The feasibility of SLM Ta use in hip prosthesis was verified by studying its chemical composition, metallographic structure, and mechanical properties. In vitro experiments proved that SLM Ta exhibited better biological activities in promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting inflammation than SLM Ti6Al4V. Then, the topological optimization design of the femoral stem of the SLM Ta hip prosthesis was carried out by finite element simulation, and the fatigue performance of the optimized prosthesis was tested to verify the biomechanical safety of the prosthesis. A porous Ta acetabulum cup was also designed and fabricated using SLM. Its mechanical properties were then studied. Finally, clinical trials were conducted to verify the clinical efficacy of the SLM Ta hip prosthesis. The porous structure could reduce the weight of the prosthesis and stress shielding and avoid bone resorption around the prosthesis. In addition, anti-infection drugs can also be loaded into the pores for infection treatment. The acetabular cup can be custom-designed based on the severity of bone loss on the acetabular side, and the integrated acetabular cup can repair the acetabular bone defect while achieving the function of the acetabular cup.