Understanding the Potential of CBD for Health Benefits: an Overview.

Ivan Santos, M Beatriz P P Oliveira, Ana Casas, Javier Fidalgo, Hugo Almeida
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Abstract

Cannabinoids are compounds with increasing scientific interest, particularly due to their interaction with the endocannabinoid system via CBR1 and CBR2 receptors. They can interfere with appetite, pain, and sleep or develop mood changes of the individual. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a well-known cannabinoid with potential benefits, including reducing epilepsy seizures, alleviating anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms, aiding in Tourette Syndrome (a neurodevelopmental disorder), depression, sleep disorders, and promising in the treatment of cancer, pain relief, and heart health. Although generally safe, CBD can have side effects, including drug metabolism interference, fertility, and liver function. In addition, it can be administered by oral, sublingual, transdermal or inhalation via, each one with different bioavailability. The application of nanotechnology, specifically through colloidal carrier systems, holds promising potential for maximizing CBD's efficacy and pharmacological profile. There are reported CBD extraction methods using ethanol, carbon dioxide, deionised water, and non-polar oils like olive or coconut oil. The green extraction methods have gained popularity for their higher yields, shorter extraction time, and reduced costs. A specific dose with the desired effects is challenging due to individual factors, with most studies suggesting a range between less than 1 and 50 mg/kg/d. This review aims to explore the principles of CBD-based products development, focusing on extraction methods and purification processes of this cannabinoid for tinctures, topicals, and other pharmaceutical forms, as well as further research to attain the objectives.

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了解 CBD 为健康带来益处的潜力:概述。
科学界对大麻素这种化合物的兴趣与日俱增,特别是因为大麻素通过 CBR1 和 CBR2 受体与内源性大麻素系统相互作用。它们会影响食欲、疼痛和睡眠,或导致个人情绪变化。大麻二酚(CBD)是一种众所周知的大麻素,具有潜在的益处,包括减少癫痫发作、缓解焦虑和强迫症(OCD)症状、辅助治疗抽动秽语综合征(一种神经发育障碍)、抑郁症、睡眠障碍,并有望治疗癌症、缓解疼痛和促进心脏健康。虽然 CBD 一般来说是安全的,但它也会产生副作用,包括干扰药物代谢、影响生育能力和肝功能。此外,它可以通过口服、舌下含服、透皮或吸入等方式给药,每种给药方式的生物利用度不同。纳米技术的应用,特别是通过胶体载体系统,为最大限度地提高 CBD 的药效和药理特性带来了巨大的潜力。据报道,有使用乙醇、二氧化碳、去离子水和非极性油(如橄榄油或椰子油)提取 CBD 的方法。绿色提取方法因产量高、提取时间短、成本低而广受欢迎。由于个体因素的影响,很难确定具有理想效果的具体剂量,大多数研究建议剂量范围在 1 至 50 毫克/千克/天之间。本综述旨在探讨开发基于 CBD 的产品的原则,重点关注用于酊剂、外用药和其他药物形式的大麻素的提取方法和纯化过程,以及为实现目标而开展的进一步研究。
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