Guessability of Indian picture symbols for communication (IPSC) and picture communication symbols (PCS) among Malayalam-speaking typical adults.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived symbol referent relationship for selected symbols in typical adults for two different symbol sets: Indian Picture Symbols for Communication (IPSC) and Picture Communication Symbols (PCS) to identify cultural influences on symbol recognition. A total of 240 typical adults, including 120 nonprofessionals, and 120 health professionals, from Kerala, a southern state in India, participated in the study. A guessability task involving IPSC and PCS symbols for 30 target referents was utilized. Guessability scores for each participant as well as each symbol stimuli across two symbol sets were determined. The guessability scores for IPSC were significantly (p <.001) higher than PCS. For both symbol sets, nouns were the most accurately guessed, followed by verbs, adjectives, and prepositions. The results also revealed that prompting and previous exposure to symbols tend to influence the transparency of symbols. Error analyses revealed that visual and conceptual cues within a symbol tend to influence guessability. The results indicate that cultural and linguistic factors play a role in symbol guessability. The study highlights the importance of investigating the iconicity of IPSC and PCS symbols across different populations within India, before using symbols for educational/clinical purposes.