Current status of keratinized matrices in Toxicology: Comparison of hair and nails.

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Drug Testing and Analysis Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI:10.1002/dta.3748

M Cobo-Golpe, A de-Castro-Ríos, E Lendoiro

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nails are a keratinized matrix that has been proposed as an alternative to hair to evaluate long-term and retrospective consumption of drugs of abuse and pharmaceuticals. This matrix has been gaining interest in recent years, with new studies focusing on the analysis of fingernails and/or toenails for different substances. However, nails and hair present differences in structure, growth, and incorporation pathways that may affect drug incorporation and analysis and complicate the interpretation of the results. To better understand the results in nail samples, a comparison of concentrations found in hair, fingernails, and toenails has been described in the literature for some drugs. This review unifies the results found in the literature, with special interest on studies that report paired samples from the same individuals. Differences between fingernail and toenail samples, as well as proposed cut-offs in nails, are also discussed. Definite conclusions can be reached for some drugs, but, in general, more standardized studies are needed to better understand nail results.

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毒理学中角质化基质的现状：头发和指甲的比较。

指甲是一种角质化基质，有人建议用它来替代头发，以评估长期和回顾性服用滥用药物和药品的情况。近年来，这种基质越来越受到关注，新的研究侧重于分析指甲和/或脚趾甲中的不同物质。然而，指甲和头发在结构、生长和掺入途径方面存在差异，可能会影响药物掺入和分析，并使结果解释复杂化。为了更好地理解指甲样本中的结果，文献中对某些药物在头发、指甲和脚趾甲中的浓度进行了比较。本综述对文献中的结果进行了统一，特别关注那些报告来自同一个体的配对样本的研究。此外，还讨论了手指甲和脚趾甲样本之间的差异，以及建议的指甲截断点。对于某些药物可以得出明确的结论，但总的来说，要更好地了解指甲的结果，还需要进行更多的标准化研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Drug Testing and Analysis BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS-CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

24.10%

发文量

191

审稿时长

2.3 months

期刊介绍： As the incidence of drugs escalates in 21st century living, their detection and analysis have become increasingly important. Sport, the workplace, crime investigation, homeland security, the pharmaceutical industry and the environment are just some of the high profile arenas in which analytical testing has provided an important investigative tool for uncovering the presence of extraneous substances. In addition to the usual publishing fare of primary research articles, case reports and letters, Drug Testing and Analysis offers a unique combination of; ‘How to’ material such as ‘Tutorials’ and ‘Reviews’, Speculative pieces (‘Commentaries’ and ‘Perspectives'', providing a broader scientific and social context to the aspects of analytical testing), ‘Annual banned substance reviews’ (delivering a critical evaluation of the methods used in the characterization of established and newly outlawed compounds). Rather than focus on the application of a single technique, Drug Testing and Analysis employs a unique multidisciplinary approach to the field of controversial compound determination. Papers discussing chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunological approaches, 1D/2D gel electrophoresis, to name just a few select methods, are welcomed where their application is related to any of the six key topics listed below.