Rating of Perceived Exertion: A Large Cross-Sectional Study Defining Intensity Levels for Individual Physical Activity Recommendations.

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Sports Medicine - Open Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI:10.1186/s40798-024-00729-1
Maximilian Grummt, Lorena Hafermann, Lars Claussen, Carolin Herrmann, Bernd Wolfarth
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Abstract

Background: Physical inactivity is a growing risk factor worldwide, therefore getting people into sports is necessary. When prescribing physical activity, it is essential to recommend the correct training intensities. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) enables precise determination of individuals' training intensities but is unavailable for a broad population. Therefore, the Borg scale allows individuals to assess perceived exertion and set their intensity easily and cost-efficiently. In order to transfer CPX to rating of perceived exertion (RPE), previous studies investigated RPE on specific physiological anchors, e.g. blood lactate (bLa) concentrations, but representativeness for a broad population is questionable. Some contradictory findings regarding individual factors influencing RPE occur, whereas univariable analysis has been performed so far. Moreover, a multivariable understanding of individual factors influencing RPE is missing. This study aims to determine RPE values at the individual anaerobic threshold (LT2) and defined bLa concentrations in a large cohort and to evaluate individual factors influencing RPE with multivariable analysis.

Methods: CPX with bicycle or treadmill ergometer of 6311 participants were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. RPE values at bLa concentrations 2 mmol/l, 3 mmol/l, 4 mmol/l, and LT2 (first rise in bLa over baseline + 1.5 mmol/l) were estimated by spline interpolation. Multivariable cumulative ordinal regression models were performed to assess the influence of sex, age, type of ergometry, VO2max, and duration of exercise testing on RPE.

Results: Median values [interquartile range (IQR)] of the total population were RPE 13 [11; 14] at 2 mmol/l, RPE 15 [13; 16] at 3 mmol/l, RPE 16 [15; 17] at 4 mmol/l, and RPE 15 [14; 16] at LT2. Main influence of individual factors on RPE were seen especially at 2 mmol/l: male sex (odds ratio (OR) [95%-CI]: 0.65 [0.587; 0.719]), treadmill ergometry (OR 0.754 [0.641; 0.886]), number of stages (OR 1.345 [1.300; 1.394]), age (OR 1.015 [1.012; 1.018]), and VO2max (OR 1.023 [1.015; 1.030]). Number of stages was the only identified influencing factor on RPE at all lactate concentrations/LT2 (3 mmol/l: OR 1.290 [1.244; 1.336]; 4 mmol/l: OR 1.229 [1.187; 1.274]; LT2: OR 1.155 [1.115; 1.197]).

Conclusion: Our results suggest RPE ≤ 11 for light intensity, RPE 12-14 for moderate intensity, and RPE 15-17 for vigorous intensity, which slightly differs from the current American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations. Additionally, we propose an RPE of 15 delineating heavy and severe intensity domain. Age, sex, type of ergometry, duration of exercise, and cardiopulmonary fitness should be considered when recommending individualized intensities with RPE, primarily at lower intensities. Therefore, this study can be used as a new guideline for prescribing individual RPE values in the clinical practice, predominantly for endurance type exercise.

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感知运动量分级:一项大型横断面研究,为个人体育锻炼建议确定强度等级。
背景:在全球范围内,缺乏运动是一个日益严重的风险因素,因此有必要让人们参加体育运动。在制定体育锻炼计划时,建议正确的训练强度至关重要。心肺运动测试(CPX)可精确测定个人的训练强度,但无法用于广泛人群。因此,博格量表可以让个人轻松、经济地评估感知消耗量并设定训练强度。为了将 CPX 转化为感知用力值(RPE),以往的研究根据特定的生理锚(如血乳酸(bLa)浓度)对 RPE 进行了调查,但其对广泛人群的代表性值得怀疑。关于影响 RPE 的个体因素,有一些相互矛盾的研究结果,而迄今为止进行的都是单变量分析。此外,还缺乏对影响 RPE 的个体因素的多变量理解。本研究旨在确定个体无氧阈值(LT2)下的 RPE 值,并在一个大型队列中确定 bLa 浓度,同时通过多变量分析评估影响 RPE 的个体因素:这项横断面研究分析了 6311 名参与者使用自行车或跑步机测力计进行的 CPX。通过样条插值法估算了 bLa 浓度为 2 毫摩尔/升、3 毫摩尔/升、4 毫摩尔/升和 LT2(bLa 浓度首次超过基线 + 1.5 毫摩尔/升)时的 RPE 值。建立了多变量累积序数回归模型,以评估性别、年龄、测力类型、VO2max 和运动测试持续时间对 RPE 的影响:总人数的中值[四分位数间距 (IQR)]为:2 毫摩尔/升时 RPE 13 [11; 14],3 毫摩尔/升时 RPE 15 [13; 16],4 毫摩尔/升时 RPE 16 [15; 17],LT2 时 RPE 15 [14; 16]。个体因素对 RPE 的影响主要体现在 2 毫摩尔/升时:男性(几率比(OR)[95%-CI]:0.65 [0.587; 0.719])、跑步机测力(OR 0.754 [0.641; 0.886])、阶段数(OR 1.345 [1.300; 1.394])、年龄(OR 1.015 [1.012; 1.018])和 VO2max(OR 1.023 [1.015; 1.030])。在所有乳酸浓度/LT2(3 毫摩尔/升:OR 1.290 [1.244; 1.336];4 mmol/l:结论:我们的研究结果表明,轻度运动强度的 RPE ≤ 11,中度运动强度的 RPE ≤ 12-14,剧烈运动强度的 RPE ≤ 15-17,这与当前美国运动医学学院(ACSM)的建议略有不同。此外,我们建议将 RPE 值定为 15,以划分重度和剧烈强度域。在根据 RPE(主要是较低强度)推荐个性化强度时,应考虑年龄、性别、测力类型、运动持续时间和心肺功能。因此,这项研究可作为临床实践中规定个体 RPE 值的新指南,主要用于耐力型运动。
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来源期刊
Sports Medicine - Open
Sports Medicine - Open SPORT SCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
142
审稿时长
13 weeks
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