Speciation in savanna birds in South America: The case of the Least Nighthawk Chordeiles pusillus (Aves: Caprimulgidae) in and out of the Amazon

IF 3.6 1区 生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108117
Alexandre M. Fernandes , Mario Cohn-Haft , Luís Fábio Silveira , Alexandre Aleixo , Nathália Nascimento , Urban Olsson
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Abstract

The Least Nighthawk Chordeiles pusillus is widespread wherever there are savannas in the South American tropics, often in isolated patches, such as white-sands savannas in the Amazon rainforest realm. Here, we investigate genetic relationships between populations of the Least Nighthawk to understand historical processes leading to its diversification and to determine dispersal routes between northern and southern savannas by way of three hypothesized dispersal corridors by comparing samples from white-sand savannas to samples from other savannas outside of the Amazon rainforest region. We use 32 mtDNA samples from the range of C. pusillus to infer a dated phylogeny. In a subset of 17 samples, we use shotgun sequences to infer a distance-based phylogeny and to estimate individual admixture proportions. We calculate gene flow and shared alleles between white-sand and non-Amazonian populations using the ABBA-BABA test (D statistics), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to examine genetic structure within and between lineages. Finally, we use species distribution modelling (SDM) of conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), currently, and in the future (2050–2080) to predict potential species occurrence under a climate change scenario. Two main clades (estimated to have diverged around 1.07 million years ago) were recovered with mtDNA sequences and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) and were supported by NGSadmix and PCA: one in the Amazon basin white-sand savannas, the other in the non-Amazonian savannas. Possible allele sharing between these clades was indicated by the D-statistics between northern non-Amazonian populations and the white-sand savanna population, but this was not corroborated by the admixture analyses. Dispersal among northern non-Amazonian populations may have occurred in a dry corridor between the Guianan and the Brazilian Shield, which has since moved eastward. Our data suggest that the lineages separated well before the Last Glacial Maximum, consequently dispersal could have happened at any earlier time during similar climatic conditions. Subsequently, non-Amazonian lineages became more divergent among themselves, possibly connecting and dispersing across the mouth of the Amazon River across Marajó island during favourable climatic conditions in the Pleistocene.

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南美洲热带草原鸟类的物种变异:亚马逊河内外的最小夜鹰 Chordeiles pusillus(鸟类:Caprimulgidae)的案例。
在南美洲热带地区,只要有热带稀树草原的地方,就有夜鹰(Least Nighthawk Chordeiles pusillus)的踪迹,它们通常分布在亚马逊热带雨林地区的白沙稀树草原等孤立区域。在这里,我们通过比较来自白沙稀树草原的样本和来自亚马逊热带雨林地区以外的其他稀树草原的样本,研究最矮夜鹰种群之间的遗传关系,以了解导致其多样化的历史进程,并通过三条假定的扩散走廊来确定南北稀树草原之间的扩散路线。我们利用来自 C. pusillus 分布区的 32 个 mtDNA 样本推断出了一个有年代的系统发育。在 17 个样本的子集中,我们使用猎枪序列来推断基于距离的系统发育,并估计个体的混杂比例。我们使用 ABBA-BABA 检验(D 统计量)和主成分分析(PCA)计算白沙种群和非亚马逊种群之间的基因流和共享等位基因,以考察种系内部和种系之间的遗传结构。最后,我们利用物种分布模型(SDM)对末次冰川极盛时期(LGM)、当前和未来(2050-2080 年)的条件进行模拟,以预测气候变化情景下可能出现的物种。利用 mtDNA 序列和单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)发现了两个主要支系(估计在距今约 107 万年前分化),并得到了 NGSadmix 和 PCA 的支持:一个支系位于亚马逊盆地的白沙稀树草原,另一个支系位于非亚马逊稀树草原。北部非亚马孙种群与白沙稀树草原种群之间的 D 统计表明,这些支系之间可能存在等位基因共享,但掺杂分析并未证实这一点。北部非亚马孙种群之间的扩散可能发生在圭亚那和巴西地盾之间的干旱走廊,该走廊后来向东移动。我们的数据表明,这些种群早在末次冰川极盛期之前就已分离,因此扩散可能发生在气候条件相似的任何更早的时期。随后,非亚马孙河流域的世系之间变得更加分化,可能在更新世有利的气候条件下连接并扩散到马拉霍岛对面的亚马孙河口。
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来源期刊
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
249
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is dedicated to bringing Darwin''s dream within grasp - to "have fairly true genealogical trees of each great kingdom of Nature." The journal provides a forum for molecular studies that advance our understanding of phylogeny and evolution, further the development of phylogenetically more accurate taxonomic classifications, and ultimately bring a unified classification for all the ramifying lines of life. Phylogeographic studies will be considered for publication if they offer EXCEPTIONAL theoretical or empirical advances.
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