Technology-forcing to reduce environmental noise pollution: a prospectus.

IF 4.1 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI:10.1038/s41370-024-00679-6
Lauren M Kuehne, Ed Habtour, Tomás Méndez Echenagucia, Steven J Orfield
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Abstract

Background: Environmental movements of the late 20th century resulted in sweeping legislation and regulatory actions to reduce the prevalence of diverse pollutants. Although the consequences of noise pollution to public health, environment, and the economy have been recognized over the same time period, noise has received far less policy attention. Correspondingly, even while evidence of the diverse and detrimental effects of noise pollution on human health has grown, solutions and actual reductions in environmental noise remain seemingly out of reach.

Objective: To address this shortcoming, we developed a prospectus for environmental noise reduction through technology-forcing policies. Technology-forcing describes intent to encourage technological solutions for pollution control through policy and regulations, and has been a critical component of national and global progress in reducing environmental pollutants.

Methods: We take advantage of the unique policy history for noise in the United States - which initially enacted, but then abandoned federal noise regulation. We compare this history against outcomes from contemporaneous environmental legislation for air, water, and occupational pollution control, to demonstrate the potential for technology-forcing to reduce noise pollution. Our review then identifies promising solutions, in the form of existing technologies suitable for innovation and diffusion through technology-forcing regulations and incentives.

Results: Based on this review, we outline a program for noise policy development to support efforts to reduce environmental noise pollution worldwide. The proposed program consists of three steps, which are to (i) identify dominant sources of noise pollution, (ii) combine legislative or regulatory provisions with suitable systems of enforcement and incentives, and (iii) anticipate and prepare for stages of technological change.

Impact statement: Analysis of noise policy often focuses on justifying the need to reduce noise pollution. In this article, we demonstrate how technology-forcing regulations could also promote much-needed innovation and diffusion of technologies to reduce environmental noise pollution. We first establish the potential for technology-forcing by comparing technology outcomes from environmental legislation passed contemporaneously to the inactive US Noise Control Act. We next review promising innovations available for diffusion in multiple sectors to reduce environmental noise. Lastly, we recommend a program to support development of technology-forcing noise policies, to help ensure that the benefits of reduced noise pollution are distributed equitably.

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通过技术手段减少环境噪声污染:展望。
背景:20 世纪末的环保运动促成了广泛的立法和监管行动,以减少各种污染物的普遍存在。尽管在同一时期,噪声污染对公众健康、环境和经济造成的后果已被人们所认识,但噪声受到的政策关注却少得多。相应地,尽管有越来越多的证据表明噪声污染对人类健康造成了各种有害影响,但解决和实际降低环境噪声的办法似乎仍然遥不可及:为了弥补这一不足,我们制定了通过技术强制政策减少环境噪声的计划。技术强制是指通过政策和法规鼓励污染控制技术解决方案的意图,是国家和全球在减少环境污染物方面取得进展的重要组成部分:我们利用了美国独特的噪声政策历史--美国最初颁布了联邦噪声法规,但后来又放弃了。我们将这段历史与同时代的空气、水和职业污染控制环境立法结果进行比较,以证明技术强制减少噪声污染的潜力。然后,我们通过审查发现了一些有前景的解决方案,这些现有技术适合通过技术强制法规和激励措施进行创新和推广:在此基础上,我们概述了一项噪声政策制定计划,以支持全球范围内减少环境噪声污染的努力。建议的方案包括三个步骤,即:(i) 确定噪声污染的主要来源;(ii) 将立法或监管规定与适当的执法和激励制度相结合;(iii) 预测技术变革的各个阶段并做好准备:对噪声政策的分析通常侧重于证明减少噪声污染的必要性。在本文中,我们将展示技术强制法规如何也能促进急需的创新和技术传播,以减少环境噪声污染。我们首先比较了与美国未激活的《噪声控制法案》同时通过的环境立法的技术成果,从而确定了技术强制的潜力。接下来,我们回顾了可在多个领域推广以减少环境噪声的有前途的创新技术。最后,我们建议制定一项计划,支持开发技术推动型噪声政策,以帮助确保减少噪声污染所带来的好处得到公平分配。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
93
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (JESEE) aims to be the premier and authoritative source of information on advances in exposure science for professionals in a wide range of environmental and public health disciplines. JESEE publishes original peer-reviewed research presenting significant advances in exposure science and exposure analysis, including development and application of the latest technologies for measuring exposures, and innovative computational approaches for translating novel data streams to characterize and predict exposures. The types of papers published in the research section of JESEE are original research articles, translation studies, and correspondence. Reported results should further understanding of the relationship between environmental exposure and human health, describe evaluated novel exposure science tools, or demonstrate potential of exposure science to enable decisions and actions that promote and protect human health.
期刊最新文献
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