Novel Targets for the Development of Tuberculosis Vaccine.

Rushika Joshi, Devang Sheth, Jayesh Beladiya, Chirag Patel, Nilay Solanki, Mittal Dalal, Ashish Kyada, Sandip B Patel
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Abstract

In underdeveloped nations, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality. The currently available vaccine against tuberculosis in endemic areas is mainly ineffective, which triggers the need for a clinically effective vaccine against tuberculosis. In the present review, we emphasized the impact of genetic variations in the BCG strains, which influence the efficacy of BCG vaccines. We also discussed the current status of BCG vaccines and their potential mechanisms on the modulation of B cells and, thereby, humoral immunity, which trigger immune responses against various intracellular pathogens. Further, we also elaborated upon the pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of the vaccines. Moreover, we also presented the putative novel targets such as polysaccharide-induced antibodies for the protection against Mtb, PGRS domain as an important target for Humoral immunity, HLA-E pathway-Target strategy for new TB vaccine, Coronin-1a - Novel player for Mycobacterial survival, IRGM, IFN-I3, an autophagy inducer with Irgm1 serving as a core part in the Tuberculosis vaccine development.

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开发结核病疫苗的新目标。
在欠发达国家,结核病(TB)仍然是发病和死亡的主要原因。在结核病流行地区,目前可用的结核病疫苗主要是无效的,因此需要一种临床有效的结核病疫苗。在本综述中,我们强调了卡介苗菌株基因变异的影响,这种变异会影响卡介苗的效力。我们还讨论了卡介苗的现状及其对 B 细胞的潜在调节机制,以及由此产生的体液免疫,从而引发针对各种细胞内病原体的免疫反应。此外,我们还阐述了证明疫苗有效性和安全性的临床前和临床研究。此外,我们还介绍了一些推测的新靶点,如多糖诱导的抗体对 Mtb 的保护作用、PGRS 结构域作为体液免疫的重要靶点、HLA-E 通路--新型结核病疫苗的靶点策略、Coronin-1a--分枝杆菌生存的新角色、IRGM、IFN-I3--自噬诱导剂,以及作为结核病疫苗开发核心部分的 Irgm1。
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